盐碱胁迫对两个品种葡萄光合特性的影响  

Influence of Salinity-alkalinity Stress on the Photosynthetic Characteristics of Two Grape Varieties

作　　者：公婷婷[1] 冯金朝[1] 薛达元[1] 马帅[1] 关越[1] 李征珍[1] 

机构地区：[1]中央民族大学生命与环境科学学院,北京100081

出　　处：《北方园艺》2013年第19期5-9,共5页Northern Horticulture

基　　金：高等学校学科创新引智计划资助项目(B08044)

摘　　要：以"摩尔多瓦"和"森田尼无核"葡萄为试材,在大田条件下,模拟低、中、高3种浓度盐碱胁迫,比较分析了盐碱胁迫对2种葡萄产量及品质、光合-光响应特性和叶绿素含量的影响,以期探索2种葡萄可耐受盐碱浓度和对盐碱适应能力的差异。结果表明:适度盐碱胁迫有利于提高"摩尔多瓦"的果实品质,但对"森田尼无核"果实品质有不良影响;盐碱胁迫虽然降低了2个葡萄品种的光合效率,但由表观量子效率(AQY)的上升、暗呼吸速率(Rd)的下降和叶绿素a/b值的增加表明,2个品种对盐碱胁迫都有一定抵抗能力;同时,通过对净光合速率(Pn)的光响应、暗呼吸速率(Rd)、最大光合速率(Pnmax)、叶绿素a的减少率(RCR)和叶绿素a+b含量等指标的分析表明,"摩尔多瓦"较"森田尼无核"有更强的盐碱适应能力。Taking ＇ Centennial seedless＇ and ＇ Moldova＇ as materials, three different salinity-alkalinity stresses, low grade salinity-alkalinity stress,moderate salinity-alkalinity stress and severe salinity-alkalinity stress under field conditions were treated. The effects of different salinity-alkalinity stress on yield,quality,photosynthetic-light response characteristics and chlorophyll content were compared and analyzed, to explore the salinity-alkalinity grade that can be tolerated and difference of adaptive capacity to salinity-alkalinity stress between two materials. The results showed that salinity- alkalinity stresses enhanced the quality of ＇Moldova＇ but had a bad effect on the quality of ＇Centennial seedless＇. Although salinity-alkalinity stress reduced their photosynthetic efficiency, both of ＇Centennial seedless＇ and ＇Moldova＇ were of a ability of resistance to salinity-alkalinity stress in a certain extent by the increase of Apparent Quantum Yield （AQY）, the decrease of Dark Respiratory Rate （Rd） and the increase of the value of chlorophyll a/b. Meanwhile, photosyntheticqight response of Photosynthetic Rate（Pn）, Dark Respiratory Rate（Rd）,the maximum of Photosynthetic Rate（Pmax）,depletion rate of chlorophyll a（RCR） and the content of chlorophyll a＋b. etc were contributed to explain ＇Moldova＇ had stronger salinity-alkalinity adaptive capacity than ＇Centennial seedless＇.

关 键 词：葡萄 “摩尔多瓦” “森田尼无核” 盐碱胁迫 光响应 叶绿素 

分 类 号：S663.1[农业科学—果树学]