滨海湿地景观的变化特征及其驱动力分析——以辽宁省东港市为例  

Variations of Coastal Wetland Lands and Its Driving Force——The Case of Donggang of Liaoning Province

作　　者：李雪莹[1] 王方雄[1] 薛忠跃[1] 郭子怡[1] 王晨雨[1] 程宇[1] 

机构地区：[1]辽宁师范大学城市与环境学院,辽宁大连116029

出　　处：《安徽农业科学》2013年第19期8233-8235,共3页Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学研究青年基金项目(11YJC630202);辽宁省教育厅创新团队项目(WT2010031)

摘　　要：以东港市2000年和2010年2期遥感影像为基础数据，在遥感和GIS技术支持下，借助景观分析软件Fragstats3．3进行景观格局指数计算，对研究区景观格局的变化特征和驱动力进行分析。结果表明：2000～2010年，东港市滨海湿地的面积减少了44．62km^2，其中自然湿地面积大量缩减，减少幅度为57．62％，主要表现为滩涂与沼泽转化成水田与海水养殖，导致人工湿地面积增加。景观斑块数（NP）由2000年的4937块增加到2010年的5365块，增加了8．67％；景观多样性指数（H）与景观形态指数（LJSI）均有所增加；景观优势度指数（D）从2000年的1．2538降低到2010年的1．1046，表明东港市滨海湿地的景观破碎化程度越来越严重。这种变化既受到风暴潮、海岸侵蚀等自然因素的影响，也受到人为造成的滩涂围垦、水资源缺乏和环境污染等人为因素的影响，导致滨海湿地多种动植物死亡,大幅度降低了滨海湿地的生态功能和生态效益。With the remote sensing data of the Donggang City in 2000 and 2010 as the basic data, under the support of RS and GIS, and by computing landscape analysis software Fragstats 3.3 landscape pattern index, the change of the landscape pattern and the driving forces in this region was analyzed. The results showed that from 2000 to 2010, the area of the coastal wetland of the Danggang City decreased 44.62 km^2 ; The area of natural wetlands reduce largely, decrease of 57.62% , mainly for the beaches and marshes into farming paddy field and maricul-ture, resulting in the area of artificial wetland is increased. NP increase from 4 937 to 5 365 increase of 8.67% , H and EST were all in-creased, D decrease from 1. 253 8 to 1. 104 6. A landscape index shows the Donggang City coastal wetlands are rapidly deteriorating and expe- riencing landscape fragmentation. Their driving forces are pushed by the natural factors, such as the storm surge, coastal erosion and human disturbance such as tidal flat reclamation, the lacking of water resources, environmental pollution and other factors, which causes a variety of plant and animal death so as to the coastal ecological functions and ecological benefits greatly reduce.

关 键 词：滨海湿地 景观格局 GIS 驱动力 东港市 

分 类 号：S126[农业科学—农业基础科学]