土库曼斯坦物种多样性及其与中国新疆的比较  

A comparison of species diversity in Turkmenistan and Xinjiang

作　　者：何学敏[1,2] 吕光辉[1,2] 秦璐[1,2] Akhmetkaliyeva MAKSAT 刘昊奇[1,2] 张雪妮[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]新疆绿洲生态教育部重点实验室,新疆乌鲁木齐830046 [2]新疆大学资源与环境科学学院,新疆乌鲁木齐830046 [3]艾尔法拉比哈萨克国立大学,阿拉木图050040

出　　处：《干旱区地理》2013年第4期623-630,共8页Arid Land Geography

基　　金：“国家国际科技合作计划资助”(2010DFA92720-12)

摘　　要：土库曼斯坦与中国新疆在地理地形、景观带以及气候特征等诸多方面具有相似之处,这些因素共同决定了二者在物种多样性方面的相似性与可比性,加之人类活动影响加剧,两地物种多样性均遭受着严重的威胁。在对土库曼斯坦和中国新疆现有物种多样性数据进行总结的基础上,分析了二者的物种多样性现状、珍稀动植物特征以及濒危种和入侵种相关研究进展,对比了二者在物种多样性年际尺度上的异同,总结了土库曼斯坦与中国新疆物种多样性保护现状与相关政策,以期为深入开展两地生物多样性合作与交流提供支持。As the basis for human survival and development, global biodiversity is facing a serious threat, species diversity is the center of biodiversity and the main unit of structure and function, and also is the basis and crucial for regional and global biodiversity conservation. Arid area of the world has a large area, and arid area in Central Asia is one of the key areas for species diversity, fragile ecological environment is strongly influenced by rapid population growth, land use and resource development, and the global change will also bring potential harm to vulnerable spe- cies diversity in the arid area, what is an urgent requirement to strengthen international cooperation to conduct re- search on biodiversity in the arid areas. This paper summarized the information on the basis of existing data on spe- cies diversity of Xinjiang and Turkmenistan, and then analyzed their current situation on species diversity, charac- teristics of rare animals and plants, as well as endangered species and invasive species. The results show as follows ： higher plants, mammal and insect species found in Turkmenistan are less than that in Xinjiang, and Xinjiang has a little more in respect of fungi, algae, lichens＇, reptiles and fish. Turkmenistan＇s threatened species ratio was increased from 1.4% in 1990 to 3.8% in 2010. The vertebrate species in Xinjiang are only 83 kinds above that of Turkmeni- stan, while the proportion of threatened vertebrate in Xinjiang is as high as 16.5%, and which is 4.34 times over Turkmenistan, and the situation of animal diversity protection is grim. The threatened vascular plants in Turkmeni- stan was increased from 1.7% to 6.3%, much higher than in Xinjiang. Vegetation in Turkmenistan degradation seri- ously, while threatened bird species in Xinjiang of China is more serious, accounts to 75 species in 2010, and ac- count for 16% of total bird species. The total number of two places＇ endangered species is up to 133; compared with Turkmenistan, invasion of higher animals in Xinjiang is not op

关 键 词：土库曼斯坦 新疆 物种多样性 濒危物种 入侵种 

分 类 号：Q16[生物学—普通生物学]