翘嘴红鲌(Erythroculteri lishaeformis)精子诱导的雌核发育团头鲂(Megalobrama amblycephala)细胞及其分子遗传学分析  

Cytogenetic and molecular genetic analysis of gynogenesis in Megalobrama amblycephala using spermatozoa of Erythroculter ilishaeformis

作　　者：陶敏[1] 宋祯彦[1] 肖军[1] 刘少军[1] 罗凯坤[1] 邹拓谜[1] 王军[1] 刘维[1] 胡婕[1] 赵如榕[1] 刘筠[1] 

机构地区：[1]湖南师范大学生命科学学院教育部蛋白质化学与鱼类发育生物学重点实验室,湖南长沙410081

出　　处：《Zoological Research》2013年第5期479-486,共8页动物学研究（英文）

基　　金：国家公益性行业科研专项(200903046);国家高技术研究发展计划子课题(2011AA100403);国家自然科学基金重点项目(30930071);国家自然科学基金重大国际合作项目(31210103918);高等学校博士学科点专项科研基金(20114306130001);国家;湖南省发育生物学重点学科建设项目

摘　　要：该研究运用紫外灭活的翘嘴红鲔（Erythroculter ilishaeformis）精子刺激团头鲂（Megalobrama amblycephala）卵子进行雌核发育，并于0-4℃冷水刺激条件下获得雌核发育团头鲂群体。在此基础上，于细胞遗传学（DNA含量测定、染色体数目检测及性腺发育观察）及分子遗传学水平（微卫星分析）研究了雌核发育团头鲂的细胞生物学以及遗传学性状。结果表明，雌核发育团头鲂DNA含量与普通团头鲂一致（2n=48），其外形特征与对照组极为相似，且均为雌性，为团头鲂性别决定方式（XY型）提供了细胞遗传学依据。同时，微卫星结果表明，在普通团头鲂、雌核发育团头鲂及翘嘴红鲴3个群体中共扩增出63个等位基因，雌核发育团头鲂群体平均观测杂合度和平均期望杂合度均显著低于亲本，即经过一代雌核发育，雌核发育团头鲂基因纯合度显著高于普通团头鲂和翘嘴红鲐，已达到快速建立纯系的目的，且雌核发育团头鲂群体与普通团头鲂群体遗传距离接近，即雌核发育为母系遗传。该研究为团头鲂遗传选育及品系改良提供了遗传材料。In the present study we used both cytogenetics （measurement of DNA content, detection of chromosome number, observation of gonadal development）and molecular genetics（microsatellite analysis）to analyze the biological characteristics of gynogenetic M. amblycephala, which were created through gynogenesis induced via UV-irradiated E. ilishaeformis spermatozoa to fertilize M. amblycephala eggs. The maternal genome was duplicated by cold shock in 0-4 ~C cold water to form a population of M. amblycephala with 48 chromosomes whose DNA content was identical to the diploid maternal parent. Morphologically, this group of gynogenetic M. amblycephala was similar to the control group. All gynogenetic M. amblycephala were female, and no males were found in any of the examined gynogenetic M. amblycephala, providing cytogenetic evidence that our gynogenetic M. amblycephala are type XY. At the same time, microsatellite analysis showed that 63 alleles were amplified in the three test groups of gynogenetic M. amblycephala. Overall, the population of gynogenetic M.. amblycephala observed heterozygosity average, and the expected average was significantly lower than the parental averages, demonstrating that after generation gynogenesis the gene homozygosity of M. amblycephala was significantly higher than the ordinary bream and E. ilishaeformis, making it a pure line. The genetic proximity of gynogenetic M. amblycephala to M. amblycephala demonstrates that gynogenesis passes on maternal DNA. Gynogenetic groups developed in this study may provide good genetic material for future breeding projects ofM. amblycephala.

关 键 词：冷休克 雌核发育 团头鲂 生物学性状 

分 类 号：S917.4[农业科学—水产科学]