Pleurotus ostreatus对线虫作用机理的研究  

STUDIES ON THE PATHOGENESIS OF Pleurotus ostreatus ON NEMATODES

作　　者：向红琼[1] 冯志新[2] 

机构地区：[1]贵州大学植保系,贵阳550025 [2]华南农业大学植物线虫研究室,广州五山510642

出　　处：《植物病理学报》2000年第4期357-363,共7页Acta Phytopathologica Sinica

摘　　要：本文详细地研究了粗皮侧耳 ( Pleurotus ostreatus)对线虫 ( Panagrellus redivivus)的致病过程、线虫感病症状及菌丝与线虫的相互作用。探明了粗皮侧耳对线虫致病的实质是杀主寄生 ,菌丝分泌的毒素首先将线虫击倒并杀死 ,然后菌丝从线虫体孔侵入 ,或靠酶和机械力的作用从表皮侵入 ,最后消解、吸收和利用线虫。一般菌丝与线虫接触 1～ 5min线虫被击倒 ,2 0～ 30 min卵和幼虫解体 ,4～6h成虫死亡 ,12 h后菌丝侵入虫体营腐生生活。菌丝也可不侵染线虫 ,仅靠毒素将线虫杀死 ,在酶的协同作用下将线虫分解 ,直接吸收利用线虫。若菌丝分泌的毒素不足以杀死线虫 ,纵然菌丝与线虫充分接触也不能侵染活线虫。试验还表明 ,该菌平板培养产生的毒素 ,除去菌丝也能杀死线虫。This paper maked detailed studies on the pathogenitic process of Pleurotus ostreatus on nematodes ( Panagrellus redivivus ), the symptom of attacked nematodes, and the relationship between the hyphae of P. ostreatus and nematodes. The mechanism attacking nematodes by P. ostreatus belonged to perthophytism. The hyphae secreted toxin to kill nematodes then infected nematodes via mouth, anus, gonopore, and excretory pore or directly infected nematodes from cuticle with enzyme and mechanical power. When nematodes contacted with the hyphae, they became immobilized within 1-5 minutes, the larvae and eggs were lysed within 20-30 minutes, and the mature nematodes were killed within 4-6 hours. After 12 hours, the dead nematodes were infected and colonized by the fungus. On the other hand, the hyphae sometimes did not infect the nematodes. The nematodes were killed only by toxin and then decomposed by enzyme from P. ostreatus . If the nematicidal toxin from P. ostreatus was not enough to kill nematodes, the hyphae could not infect, colonize, and digest nematodes even though hyphae were contact with nematodes for a long time.

关 键 词：粗皮侧耳 线虫 杀线虫毒素 作用机理 

分 类 号：S432.45[农业科学—植物病理学] S476[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]