大口黑鲈幼鱼饲料中白鱼粉与两种豆粕的适宜配比  

Suitable inclusion levels of white fish meal and two kinds of soybean meal in diets for juvenile largemouth bass(Micropterus salmoides)

作　　者：陈乃松[1] 马秀丽[1] 赵明[1] 季振尧[1] 佟春萌[1] 

机构地区：[1]上海海洋大学水产与生命学院,上海201306

出　　处：《水产学报》2013年第9期1389-1400,共12页Journal of Fisheries of China

基　　金：上海市科委项目(10320503100);上海高校知识服务平台(ZF1206)

摘　　要：用8种等氮、等能和等脂的饲料,以实验鱼的生长、体组成、饲料效率、非特异性免疫和血液学参数作指标,评定大口黑鲈幼鱼饲料中去皮豆粕和酶解豆粕分别替代白鱼粉的可行性和适宜配比。在4水平的去皮豆粕饲料(D1～D4)和酶解豆粕饲料(E1～E4)中,白鱼粉和两种豆粕的配比均分别为45∶5、40∶12、35∶18和30∶25。用上述8种饲料饲喂初始体质量(5.32±0.05)g的大口黑鲈,每饲料设3个重复,每重复35尾鱼。采用表观饱食投喂,每天饲喂2次(8:00和16:00)。结果显示,各组之间实验鱼的成活率和特定生长率无显著性差异。但当去皮豆粕和酶解豆粕在饲料中的含量分别高于5%和12%时,饲料效率和蛋白质效率显著降低。随着饲料中白鱼粉含量从45%降低至30%,饲料的蛋白质和脂肪消化率显著升高;同时,全鱼、肌肉和内脏的蛋白质和水分含量均呈显著降低,但脂肪含量却显著升高;肝体比和肝糖含量显著降低;实验鱼的血清溶菌酶活性和血清蛋白质含量显著降低,但血清补体活性无显著差异;红细胞压积和血红蛋白含量均显著降低,但红细胞数差异不显著。实验表明,大口黑鲈幼鱼饲料中白鱼粉与去皮豆粕的合适配比为45%和5%,而白鱼粉与酶解豆粕的合适配比为40%和12%;豆粕经酶处理后能去除其中的部分抗营养因子,可替代饲料中11%的白鱼粉。Eight isonitrogenous,isoenergetic and isolipidic diets were formulated to evaluate the feasibility of partial replacement of white fish meal（WFM）by dehulled soybean meal（DSM）or enzyme-treated dehulled soybean meal（EDSM）,and to determine suitable inclusion levels of white fish meal and two kinds of soybean meal in diets for juvenile largemouth bass（Micropterus salmoides）,based on growth performance,feed efficiency,body composition,non-specific immunity and hematological parameters.In four diets（D1-D4）,inclusion level ratios of WFM to DSM were 45∶ 5,40∶ 12,35∶ 18 and 30∶ 25,respectively,and in the other four diets（E1-E4）,the same inclusion level ratios were kept,only substituting EDSM for DSM.Each diet was randomly assigned to triplicate tanks of 35 fish[average initial weight（5.32±0.05）g]with an indoor temperature-controlled recirculating freshwater system.Fish were fed to apparent satiation twice daily（8：00 and 16：00）over 63 days.During the experimental period,water temperature was maintained at（28±1）℃ and dissolved oxygen content kept nearly saturated.The natural light cycle was adopted.The results suggested that no differences in survival rate and specific growth rate were found among treatments.Feed efficiency and protein efficiency ratio,however,occurred to a significant declining tendency when inclusion levels of DSM were higher than 5%,or EDSM higher than12% in diets.With decreasing in WFM inclusion level and increasing in DSM or EDSM inclusion level in diets,apparent digestibility coefficients of both protein and lipid were found to be higher.Meanwhile,protein and moisture concentrations in whole body,muscle and viscera of tested fish decreased significantly,but lipid concentrations became higher.With above changes in dietary WFM and DSM or EDSM levels,hepatosomatic index and liver glycogen content occurred to be lower.Serum lysozyme activity and serum protein content became lower althought serum complement activity（CH50）showed no significant differen

关 键 词：大口黑鲈幼鱼 饲料 白鱼粉 去皮豆粕 酶解豆粕 适宜配比 

分 类 号：S963[农业科学—水产养殖]