灌水后覆膜对旱作苹果园土壤水分和树体生长及产量的影响  

Effects of Plastic Film Mulching After Irrigation on Soil Moisture,Growth and Yield of Apple Trees in Orchard

作　　者：张永旺[1] 张林森[1] 胥生荣[1] 刘富庭[1] 李雪薇[1] 王延平[2] 

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学园艺学院,陕西杨凌712100 [2]西北农林科技大学资环学院,陕西杨凌712100

出　　处：《北方园艺》2013年第18期16-19,共4页Northern Horticulture

基　　金：国家苹果产业技术体系资助项目(CARS-28);陕西省科技厅重大攻关资助项目(2011KTZB02-02-05);农业部公益性行业科研专项资助项目(Nyhyzx07-024)

摘　　要：以6a生“富士”苹果园为研究对象，采用灌溉的方式，将苹果树树冠下土壤的表层（0-20cm）、根系集中层（0-50cm）和深层（0-80cm）土壤达到田间持水量后覆盖黑色地膜，研究了不同土壤层次灌水后覆黑膜对黄土高原旱作苹果园的蓄水保墒效果、树体生长和产量的影响。结果表明：在苹果树生育期内，灌水使根系集中层达到田间持水量后，覆膜处理的水分利用率和产量最高，平均产量较对照提高58．0％，水分利用效率提高44．7％，比对照节水61．9mm2，该处理的光合特性最佳。综合考虑，灌水使根系集中层达到田间持水量后覆膜是黄土高原区苹果园旱作中节水灌溉的高效栽培模式，适合当地生产需要。Taking 6-year-old ＇Fuji＇ apple tree orchard as experiment object, the effects of plastic film mulching by irrigating the surface layer （0~20 cm）,root concentration layer （0~50 cm） and deep layer （0~80 cm） on soil water conservation,growth and yield of apple trees were studied. The results showed that during the growing period of the apple tree,making the 0~50 cm soil layer reached the field capacity and covered （W2F） processed the highest water use efficiency,W2F treatment had the highest yield,average yield was increased by 58. 0% than that of CK,WUE was 44. 7~ higher than that of CK, the water-saving amount was 6I. 9 mm higher than that of CK, W2F treatment had the best photosynthetic characteristics. Comprehensive consideration,making the 0~50 cm soil layer reached the field capacity and covered was an effective measure in the apple orchard in Loess Plateau.

关 键 词：黄土高原区 苹果园 水分利用效率 产量 灌水 覆盖 

分 类 号：S661.1[农业科学—果树学]