噪声与苯系物联合暴露对男工听力损失的影响  

Effects of Occupational Exposure to Noise and Benzene Series on Hearing Loss in Male Workers

作　　者：王璐[1] 焦建栋[1] 徐鹏[2] 顾妍丽[3] 马倩倩[1] 任晓明[1] 

机构地区：[1]无锡市疾病预防控制中心职业卫生部,江苏214023 [2]无锡市疾病预防控制中心门诊部,江苏214023 [3]无锡市疾病预防控制中心理化检验科,江苏214023

出　　处：《环境与职业医学》2013年第9期653-657,共5页Journal of Environmental and Occupational Medicine

基　　金：无锡市科技计划项目(编号:CSZ00959)

摘　　要：[目的]探讨职业性噪声和苯系物联合暴露对劳动者听力系统的影响,为国家制定相应卫生标准提供基础数据。[方法]以接触噪声和低浓度苯系物(甲苯<40mg/m3)的71名男工(低联合暴露组),噪声和高浓度苯系物(甲苯≥40mg/m3)的96名男工(高联合暴露组)以及仅接触噪声的153名男工(单纯噪声组)为研究对象。采用个体采样法对作业场所中的噪声、苯系物进行测定;对研究对象进行左、右耳0.5、1、2、3、4、6kHz 6个频率的纯音气导听阈测试;计算累积噪声暴露量并进行分层分析。[结果]高联合暴露组男工的高频听力损失患病率(66.67%)高于低联合暴露组(28.17%)和单纯噪声组(37.25%)。各组间高频听力损失患病率与累积噪声暴露量之间存在剂量-反应关系;logistic回归模型显示各联合暴露组的剂量-反应曲线与单纯噪声组相比,出现曲线左移、斜率增大的现象。[结论]接触苯系物会增加噪声作业场所中男工听力损失的患病率,并主要对高频听力产生影响。[ Objective ] To analyze the effects on hearing loss of workers exposed to both benzene series and noise, and to provide theoretic basis for developing related national hygienic standard. [ Methods ] The study recruited 71 male workers who were exposed to both low-level benzene series （toluene 〈 40 mg/m^3） and noise （low combined exposure group）, 96 male workers who were exposed to both high-level benzene series （toluene 1〉 40 mg/m^3） and noise （high combined exposure group）, and 153 male workers exposed to noise only （noise only group）. Personal sampling techniques were used to measure the levels of benzene series and noise exposure at workplaces. Pure-tone audiometry tests at 6 frequencies of 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, and 6 kHz were used to access hearing thresholds. Cumulative noise exposure （CNE） was calculated for stratified analysis. [ Results ] The prevalence of high- frequency hearing loss in the high combined exposure group （66.67%） was much higher than that in the low combined exposure group （28.17%） and in the noise only group （37.25%）. A significant dose-response relationship was observed between CNE and the prevalence of high-frequency hearing loss in each group. The results of logistic regression analysis showed the left shifted and slope elevated dose-response curves for both combined exposure groups were identified comparing to the curve of the noise only group. [ Conclusion ] The results suggest that benzene series exposure in noisy working places can elevate the prevalence of hearing loss in male workers, mainly inducing high-frequency hearing loss.

关 键 词：男性工人 职业性噪声 苯系物 听力损失 剂量-反应关系 

分 类 号：R135.8[医药卫生—劳动卫生]