棉秆田间起拔力测量系统设计与试验  

Design and field experiment of drawing resistance measurement system for cotton stalk

作　　者：李怡[1] 张国忠[1] 周勇[1] 汲文峰[1] 李兆东[1] 张翼翔[1] 翟康毅[1] 

机构地区：[1]华中农业大学工学院,武汉430070

出　　处：《农业工程学报》2013年第18期43-50,共8页Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

基　　金：中央高校基本科研业务费专项基金(52902-0900202109)

摘　　要：为探讨土壤、棉秆直径、起拔角度等因素对棉秆起拔阻力的影响,该文基于虚拟仪器技术,设计了一套棉秆田间起拔力实时测量系统并进行了棉秆起拔阻力测试试验。该系统由起拔力测量机械装置和起拔力测量软件组成,采用LabVIEW进行编程,实现了信号的采集读取、分析运算、实时显示及保存。利用万能材料试验机对该系统测量精度进行了标定,结果显示测量负载最大相对误差为0.4%。分别在土壤干基含水率26.93%、28.13%、25.44%;起拔角度30°、40°、50°;起拔线速度6..28和9.42mm/s条件下,以土壤含水率、棉秆根部直径、起拔角度、起拔线速度为影响因素,进行了田间棉秆起拔力测量单因素试验。试验结果表明,土壤含水率对棉秆起拔力存在影响,棉秆起拔力随棉秆根部直径增大而增大;对起拔角度和起拔线速度的回归分析表明,起拔角度对棉秆起拔力存在显著影响,起拔线速度对棉秆起拔力的影响受土壤条件差异影响,在土壤含水率较低(坚实度高)时,起拔线速度对起拔力影响显著;试验条件下最优起拔角度为30°,最优起拔线速度为6.28 mm/s。该系统能快速完成棉秆起拔力的测试,采集的数据可为棉秆收获机械设计提供参考;合理选择棉秆收获机械起拔角度,有利于减少动力消耗、提高生产效率。The annual production of cotton stalks is about 22.8 million tons in China. As a by-product of cotton industry, cotton stalks not only can be used in the production of renewable biomass energy, but also can be utilized in papermaking or production of wood-based panels and so on. Because of the varying diameters of cotton main stalks, and the higher harvesting intensity and power consumption associated with thicker stalks, studies on cotton stalk mechanical harvesting technology have been one of the key problems in cotton mechanization technology research in recent years. In order to study the influence of factors such as soil, cotton stalk diameter, and draft angle on the stalk drawing resistance, a set of real-time drawing resistance measurement programs for cotton stalk was designed based on virtual instrument technology, and a kind of adjustable motor drawing device for cotton stalk was developed. The stalk draft resistance was tested with the system, which consisted of the software and the device. The system was programmed with LabVIEW graphical editor language to automate data collection and reading, data analysis and computing, real-time display, and archival. The drawing device was made up of a pair of drawing clips, a drawing sleeve, a tension sensor, a drawing rod, a reel, a wire rope, a frame, a pulley, and a support frame. The universal material mechanical performance testing machine was used to calibrate the drawing resistance measurement system. Experimental results showed that the measurement system was able to accurately measure the output signal of the tension sensor, with a maximum error was 0.405% between the output load from universal testing machine and the input load from measurement program, which had a high value for practical application. The field experiments of pulling the cotton stalks were conducted in the experimental field of Huazhong Agricultural University. The row spacing of cotton stalks in this experimental plot was 800 mm, and the plant spacing was about 450mm. The experiments

关 键 词：农业机械 秸秆 测量 起拔力 

分 类 号：S222.3[农业科学—农业机械化工程]