生态友好型抑尘剂的制备及性能  

Study on preparation and properties of eco-friendly dust suppressant

作　　者：张雷波[1] 焦姣[1] 赵雪艳[2] 张静[1] 邹德坤[1] 姬亚芹[1] 单春艳[1] 

机构地区：[1]南开大学环境科学与工程学院,天津300071 [2]中国环境科学研究院,北京100012

出　　处：《农业工程学报》2013年第18期218-225,共8页Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

基　　金：环保公益性行业科研专项(200909005)

摘　　要：为控制中国北方裸露农田土壤风蚀,改善城市环境质量,该文以盐地碱蓬籽饼为主要原料,以十二烷基苯磺酸钠、羧甲基纤维素钠、聚乙烯醇等为辅料,经生物改性,制备了一种生态友好型抑尘剂并研究了其保湿性、水稳定性、抗风蚀性等性能以及该抑尘剂对种子出苗率及农田土壤土质的影响。结果表明,该抑尘剂喷洒后易形成团粒结构,可起到保护表层土壤的作用;在25℃时,黏度可高达到55.1 mPa·s,常温下使用时具有较好的黏结性能;保湿时间可以延长至72 h以上,具有良好的保湿性;能够抗击4次雨水冲蚀,具有较好的水稳性;单位面积土壤颗粒累积损失量小于0.7 g/m^2,抑尘效率提高了99%以上;可增加土壤中植物生长所需的一些营养成分,可提高作物出苗率,促进作物生长;每平方米的使用成本约为0.5元。该文可为今后抑尘剂研究与实践提供参考。Particulate matter pollution is a serious problem in north China. One of the important sources is the bare farmland on the outskirts of the cities. To effectively control wind erosion and improve the quality of the urban environment in north China an eco-friendly dust suppressant （＂SY＂ dust suppressant） was prepared with suaede salsa seed cake, a kind of agricultural and sideline product as main material, adding suitable amount of sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate, sodium carboxy methyl cellulose, and polyvinyl alcohol, et al. In order to discuss the performance of the ＂SY＂ dust suppressant, a study was carried out to compare ＂SY＂ dust suppressant with plant gum dust suppressant （＂ZW＂ dust suppressant） and eco-efficient dust suppressant （＂GS＂ dust suppressant） in various performances, including primarily the microstructure characterization of ＂SY＂ dust suppressant bonded soil particles, as well as the viscosity, moisture retention, water stability, the ability of anti-wind erosion, the effects on seed germination rate, and on soil of the three kinds of dust suppressant. The microstructure of ＂SY＂ dust suppressant adhered to soil particles showed that the ＂SY＂ dust suppressant could cement loose soil particles together and form a smooth and flat consolidation layer. The structure could effectively protect the fine particles on the surface of the soil being blown away. In the three kinds of dust suppressant, the viscosity of ＂SY＂ dust suppressant was the highest at 5-45℃, which was 10 to 17 times higher than the other two dust suppressants. The reason may be that the powder ofsuaede salsa seed cake went through high-temperature stewing in water bulking to biomass solution, and then crosslinking took place between the biomass solution and sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, which improvedthe bonding performance of the ＂SY＂ dust suppressant. The moisture content of the consolidation layer after spraying ＂SY＂ dust suppressant fell at the slowest pace. The moisture c

关 键 词：土壤 侵蚀 环境保护 生态友好 抑尘剂 碱蓬籽饼 

分 类 号：TD714.4[矿业工程—矿井通风与安全]