放牧强度季节调控下荒漠草原植物群落与功能群特征  

Characteristics of plant community and its functional groups in desert grassland under effects of seasonal regulation of grazing intensity

作　　者：孙世贤[1] 卫智军[1] 吕世杰[1] 卢志宏[1] 陈立波[2] 李夏子[1] 吴艳玲[3] 李建茹[4] 

机构地区：[1]内蒙古农业大学生态环境学院,呼和浩特010018 [2]中国农业科学院草原研究所,呼和浩特010020 [3]内蒙古师范大学生命科学学院,呼和浩特010020 [4]内蒙古农业大学水利与土木建筑工程学院,呼和浩特010018

出　　处：《生态学杂志》2013年第10期2703-2710,共8页Chinese Journal of Ecology

基　　金："十二五"国家科技支撑计划项目(2012BAD13B07);国家公益性行业(农业)科技项目不同区域草地承载力与家畜配置项目(200903060)资助

摘　　要：以内蒙古高原荒漠草原为研究对象,设置6个放牧强度季节调控处理,对群落地上生物量、多样性,植物功能群生物量、重要值、变异系数进行研究。结果表明,春季零放牧+夏季重度放牧+秋季适度放牧地上生物量和Shannon多样性指数显著高于其他放牧处理。春季零放牧+夏季轻度放牧+秋季适度放牧和春季重度放牧+夏季重度放牧+秋季轻度放牧下多年生禾草生物量显著低于其他处理和对照;一二年生草本与多年生禾草、灌木半灌木和多年生杂类草呈负相关关系,多年生杂类草与多年生禾草、灌木半灌木之间呈显著的正相关。春季重度放牧+夏季重度放牧+秋季轻度放牧处理下灌木和半灌木的重要值显著高于其他处理和对照。群落生物量变异系数最小(均值为29%),多年生杂类草、多年生禾草变异系数较小(均值分别为49%、56%),而生物量较小、包含种类少的功能群,如灌木和半灌木、一二年生草本生物量变异系数较大(均值分别为79%和105%)。研究说明,春季零放牧+夏季轻度放牧+秋季适度放牧的季节调控利用方式较为合理。Taking the Stipa breviflora desert grassland in Inner Mongolia as test object, a randomized block experiment was conducted to reveal the changes in the aboveground biomass of plant community, its diversity, the biomass of functional groups, importance value, and variation coefficient under the effects of the seasonal regulation of six grazing intensities. In the treatment of zerograzing in spring, severe grazing in summer and moderate grazing in autumn, the aboveground biomass and Shannon diversity index were significantly higher than those of the other treatments. In the treatments of zerograzing in spring, light grazing in summer and moderate grazing in autumn and of severe grazing in spring, severe grazing in summer and light grazing in autumn, the biomass of perennial grasses was significantly lower than that in other treatments and CK. The biomass of the annual and biennial forbs showed negative correlations with those of the perennial grasses, shrubs, semishrubs, and perennial forbs; while the biomass of perennial forbs was significantly positively correlated with those of perennial grasses, shrubs, and semi-shrubs. The importance value of the shrubs and semi-shrubs in the treatment of severe grazing in spring, severe grazing in summer and light grazing in autumn was significantly higher than that in other treatments and CK. The variation coefficient of the community biomass was the lowest （averagely 29%）, that of the perennial forbs and perennial grasses was lower （averagely 49% and 56%, respectively）, and the variation coefficient of the shrubs and semi-shrubs and of the annuals and biennials was higher （averagely 79% and 105%, respectively）. It was suggested that the treatment of zero-grazing in spring, light grazing in summer and moderate grazing in autumn would be the more reasonable seasonal regulation mode of grazing intensity.

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分 类 号：S812[农业科学—草业科学]