不同耕法和培肥措施组合对作物产量的影响  

Crop yield response to different tillage modes combined with fertilization measures

作　　者：张建省[1] 隋鹏[1] 陈源泉[1] 高旺盛[1] 聂紫瑾[1] 邹娟秀[1] 石彦琴[1] 熊杰[1] 汪洪焦[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国农业大学农学与生物技术学院/循环农业发展研究中心,北京100193

出　　处：《生态学杂志》2013年第10期2721-2727,共7页Chinese Journal of Ecology

基　　金："十二五"国家科技支撑计划项目(2011BAD16B15;2012BAD14B03);国家自然科学基金项目(30900875)资助

摘　　要：通过3年大田定位试验,研究了旋耕、深松、翻耕、免耕4种耕法与有机肥、秸秆、化肥3种培肥措施组合对华北平原麦玉两熟区作物产量的影响。结果表明:同一种耕法连续实施3年,小麦产量表现为翻耕>深松>旋耕>免耕、玉米为旋耕>深松>免耕>翻耕;第2年开始玉米季全改为免耕后,小麦季深松-玉米季免耕处理的小麦和玉米产量均表现最高;第2年开始两季全为免耕后,小麦产量最高是深松1年后免耕2年处理、玉米则是旋耕1年后免耕2年的处理产量最高;连续3年免耕和后2年连续免耕的处理不利于冬小麦产量的提高,甚至出现减产的现象,而对玉米产量的影响不大或者能够增加产量;培肥措施对作物产量的影响表现趋势一致,3年平均产量均为有机肥>秸秆>化肥。综合来看,华北平原保障周年作物稳定高产的适合耕法与培肥措施组合是小麦季深松-玉米季免耕、配合有机肥处理,其产量可比当前普遍应用的旋免模式高出10.6%。A3year （2009-2012） field experiment was conducted in Wuqiao County of North China Plain to study the crop yield response to different tillage modes combined with fertilization measures. Four tillage modes （rotary tillage, RT; subsoiling, ST; plough tillage, PT; no-tillage, NT） combined with three fertilization measures （manure and chemical fertilization, MF; straw returning and chemical fertilization, SF; chemical fertilization, CF） were installed, and wheat and maize were selected as test crops. Under 3year continuous tillage, the wheat yield was in the sequence of PT 〉 ST 〉 RT 〉 NT, and the maize yield was in the order of RT 〉 ST 〉 NT 〉 PT. When tillage was conducted in wheat season in the second year and notillage was conducted in maize season in the third year, the highest average yield of wheat and maize was observed in the treatment of sub-soiling in wheat season and in the treatment of no-tillage in maize season. When no-tillage was conducted in maize season in the second year and in wheat season in the third year, sub-soiling had the highest wheat yield, while rotary tillage had the highest maize yield. Based on the results under different tillage modes, continuous notillage for two and three years was not conducive to wheat yield improvement, and even, caused the yield decreased. However, continuous no-tillage for two and three years had less impact on maize yield, and even, could improve maize yield. As for the fertilization measures, the crop yield response in three years was consistent, and the average crop yield was in the sequence of MF 〉 SF 〉 CF. These results indicated that the appropriate tillage mode and fertilization measure conducive to the crop yield stability in North China Plain could be the ＂sub-soiling in wheat season and no-tillage in maize season combined with manure application＂, under which, the crop yield could be increased by 10.6%, as compared with the widely adopted pattern （rotary tillage in wheat season and no-tillage in maize sea

关 键 词：产量 翻耕 免耕 深松 旋耕 轮耕 秸秆还田 有机肥 

分 类 号：S512.1[农业科学—作物学] S513