葛洲坝下游中华鲟产卵场瓦氏黄颡鱼摄食活动的试验研究  

Feeding behaviors of darkbarbel catfish ( Peletobagrus vachelli Riehardson) in spawning ground of Chinese sturgeon in lower reaches of Gezhouba Dam,China: A laboratory study

作　　者：路波[1] 白艳勤[1] 罗佳[1] 刘德富[1] 石小涛[1,2,3] 陈求稳[1,2] 黄应平[1] 

机构地区：[1]三峡大学,三峡库区生态环境教育部工程研究中心,湖北宜昌443002 [2]中国科学院生态环境研究中心,北京100085 [3]水利部水工程生态效应与生态修复重点实验室,武汉430079

出　　处：《生态学杂志》2013年第10期2728-2734,共7页Chinese Journal of Ecology

基　　金：楚天学者基金项目(KJ2010B002);国家自然科学基金项目(50979049、51009082、51210105017);中国博士后科学基金项目(20100480487);水利部公益性行业科研专项(201201030、201201028-02);中国长江三峡集团公司科研项目(SDHZ2011117);农业部海洋与河口渔业资源及生态重点开放实验室开放基金项目(20090011);贵州北盘江电力股份有限公司合作项目(SDHZ2012137);水利部水工程生态效应与生态修复重点实验室开放基金项目资助

摘　　要：研究了中华鲟卵敌害鱼类瓦氏黄颡鱼(Pelteobagrus vachelli)的摄食偏好、游动和摄食的昼夜节律,拟为中华鲟(Acipenser sinensis)卵的自然补充资源量维持提供科学依据。试验以葛洲坝下游江段的瓦氏黄颡鱼(体长14.34±5.16 cm,体重为61.29±23.62 g)为试验对象,在自然昼夜和水温为20.6±0.5℃条件下进行。结果表明:试验鱼对蚯蚓、人工饲料、豆干、麦穗鱼、河虾、红薯等饵料的趋向平均百分比不存在差异,但试验鱼对各种饵料的摄食率存在显著性差异,其中摄食蚯蚓、麦穗鱼和河虾的摄食率显著高于其他3种饵料;未放置饵料下瓦氏黄颡鱼的游动活跃程度分为游动活跃期(18:00—22:00)、游动次活跃期(22:00—翌日7:00)、游动非活跃期(7:00—18:00)3个阶段,且各阶段差异极显著;放置饵料下瓦氏黄颡鱼的游动活跃程度分为游动活跃期(18:00—次日5:00)和游动非活跃期(5:00—18:00)两个阶段,且两阶段差异极显著;试验鱼摄食活跃程度分为摄食时期(17:00—翌日5:00)和非摄食时期(5:00—17:00),且两阶段差异极显著。试验表明:瓦氏黄颡鱼偏好摄食蚯蚓、麦穗鱼和河虾等活性生物饵料,且其游动和摄食属于夜间型鱼类,其游动活跃程度受饵料干扰。Darkbarbel catfish （Peletobagrus vachelli） is one of the major predatory fishes feeding on the eggs of Chinese sturgeon. In this paper, the wild darkbarbel catfish population （body length 14.34±5.16 cm, body mass 61.29±23.62 g） was collected from the lower reaches of Gezhouba Dam, and a laboratory experiment was conducted to study the feeding preference, locomotion, and feeding circadian rhythm of the population under the conditions of natural day/night rhythm and water temperature 20.6 ± 0.5 ℃ and with the baits of earthworm （Pheretima sp.）, commercial pellet, dried tofu, fish （Pseudorasbora parva）, shrimp （Macrobranchium nipponense）, and sweet potato, aimed to search for the countermeasures to reduce the predation of darkbarbel catfish on the eggs of Chinese sturgeon. No significant differences were observed in the percentages of the preference to the six kinds of baits, but the feeding rate of darkbarbel catfish on earthworm, fish, and shrimp was significantly higher than that on tofu, sweet potato, and commercial pellet. Under no bait addition, the locomotion level of the darkbarbel catfish could be defined as active period （18：00-22：00）, subactive period （22：00-7：00）, and non-active period （7：00-18：00）, with significant differences among the three periods. Under bait addition, the locomotion level of the darkbarbel catfish could be defined as activity period （18：00-5：00） and non-activity period （5：00-18：00）, with significant differences between the two periods. The feeding activity level of the darkbarbel catfish was classified into feeding period （17：00-5：00） and non-feeding period （5：00-17：00）, with significant differences between the two periods. It was concluded that darkbarbel catfish preferred to feed earthworm, fish, and shrimp, and the locomotion and feeding rhythms of the darkbarbel catfish were of nocturnal, with the locomotion level disturbed by baits.

关 键 词：瓦氏黄颡鱼 游动 摄食偏好 昼夜节律 

分 类 号：S917.4[农业科学—水产科学]