社会性支出与城市居民收入不平等关系研究  

Social Expenditure and Income Inequality in Urban China

作　　者：董丽霞[1] 韩奕[2] 

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学中国教育政策研究院 [2]中国人民大学经济学院

出　　处：《中国人民大学学报》2013年第5期76-86,共11页Journal of Renmin University of China

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学研究青年基金项目"基于机会公平视角的财政支出对居民收入分配影响的理论与实证研究"(12YJC790033);中国博士后科学基金面上资助项目"医疗保障的再分配效应:基于医疗服务利用公平性的视角"(2012M510014);国家社会科学基金重大招标项目"‘十二五’期间我国国民收入分配模式和改革方案研究"(10ZD&007)

摘　　要：基于2000—2008年中国31个省(自治区、直辖市)的面板数据,针对社会性支出对城镇居民收入不平等程度的影响进行的研究表明:社会性支出的增加会加大城镇居民内部收入差距;财政自主度越大,收入分配差距就越大,但本地社会性支出规模的增加会部分抵消财政分权对收入分配的不利影响;社会性支出竞争越强,收入差距就越大,但本地社会性支出规模的增加也会降低财政竞争对收入分配的不利影响。因此,社会性支出的分配而不是支出规模才是影响居民收入分配的因素。要使社会性支出能够充分发挥调节收入分配的作用,就需要纠正对地方政府的激励,进而实现社会性支出分配的公平性。This paper studies the impact of social expenditure of provincial government on intra-provin- cial inequality using 31 provinces＇ social-economic statistics in China from 2000 to 2008. The conclusion is that the relationship between social expenditure and intra-provincial inequality is positive. We also find that, the stronger the fiscal decentralization, the larger the income gap. The increase of social expenditure size, however, could decrease the adverse effect of fiscal decentralization on income distribution. The stronger the social expenditure competition, the larger the income gap. The increase of social expenditure size could also decrease the adverse effect of fiscal competition on income distribution. The main theoretical contribution of the paper is to discuss the impacts of social spending on income distribution from the respective of the new political economics, and prove that the unequal allocation of social spending across income groups rather than the size of social spending is the main reason of income inequality. In accordance with these results, the paper suggests, it is necessary to correct the discrepancies in incentives mechanism for local governments, so as to bring social spending into full play in alleviating income inequality, thereby realizing the fair allocation of social spending.

关 键 词：社会性支出 收入不平等 财政分权 溢出效应 

分 类 号：F124.7[经济管理—世界经济] F224