江西省主要作物(稻、棉、油)生态经济系统综合分析评价  

Analysis and evaluation of the eco-economic systems of the main crops( rice,cotton and rapeseed) in Jiangxi Province,China

作　　者：孙卫民[1] 欧一智[1] 黄国勤[1] 

机构地区：[1]江西农业大学生态科学研究中心,南昌330045

出　　处：《生态学报》2013年第18期5467-5476,共10页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划项目(2007BAD89B00);江西省软科学研究计划项目(赣财教[2008]147号)

摘　　要：基于成本收益分析和能值分析理论,构建经济效益指标和生态经济效益指标,对江西省水稻(早稻和晚稻)、棉花、油菜种植系统的经济效益、生态经济综合效益进行分析和评价。经济效益方面,分析比较了单位面积作物成本构成,构建了净利润(Rev)和净利润率(Prof)两个经济效益指标;生态经济方面,分析比较了单位面积能值投入产出构成,构建了能值投入率、能值产出率、环境负载率、宏观经济能值等四个能值评价指标。计算结果表明江西省水稻、棉花和油菜等作物的生产成本占主导地位,价格因素是影响种植成本最重要的因素。水稻主要是以生产物资费用为主,而棉花和油菜以人工费用为主。从产值和收益来看,Rev大小为棉花>晚稻>早稻>油菜,Prof大小为晚稻>棉花>早稻>油菜。水稻、棉花和油菜种植系统对自然更新资源的依靠程度较低,系统的维系主要依赖于外部购买能值的投入,其构成与生产成本构成是一致的。水稻、棉花和油菜等作物的种植系统能值投入率比较高,大小为棉花>早稻>晚稻>油菜,能值产出率:油菜>棉花>晚稻>早稻,造成生态环境压力为晚稻>早稻>油菜>棉花,宏观经济能值大小为油菜>棉花>晚稻>早稻。结果表明,江西省水稻、棉花、油菜种植系统是高度开放的系统,主要依赖购买能值,但是系统产出率不高,其环境压力也不大。研究结果可为深入认识江西水稻、棉花和油菜等主要作物种植系统提供一个新的视角,并为种植业可持续发展提供一定的参考价值。An agro-ecosystem is a complex system with ecological, economic and technological functions. Agriculture is a unique tool that relates to both environmental functions and to the development of human society. However, in meeting the needs of society and in providing an impetus for economic development, agriculture has had a negative impact on the natural environment. Modern agricultural production can lead to water shortages, agricultural chemical pollution, soil fertility decline, and global climate change, among other issues.With the increasing scarcity of resources, agriculture is no longer simply an issue of natural resources; for example, environmental costs and climate change are even being incorporated into accounting.To address the problematic relationship of agriculture and natural resources, ecological and environmental studies must consider the problem in terms of sustainable agricultural development. This article describes our comprehensive evaluation of the major crops in Jiangxi Province. We evaluate the crops＇ ecological and economic efficiency （economic, ecological and economic benefits and ecological pressure） and their development trends to reveal the factors influencing these trends and the ways in which these variables change.The major crops in Jiangxi are rice, cotton and rapeseed. Cost- benefit analysis and value analysis are the basic tools of this analysis.This article builds three indicators, namely, economicbenefits, ecological and economic benefits, and ecological stress. The data are based on the average values for the period 2006--2010.To evaluate economic benefits, we analyzed and compared the cost and revenue per unit area.We then set up two economic benefit indices： net revenue per unit area （Rev） and net profitability （Prof）.To evaluate eco-economic benefits, we analyzed and compared the energy input and output per unit area, and then set up four energy evaluation indices： emergy input ratio, emergy output ratio, environment loading ratio and macroeconomic emergy

关 键 词：经济效益 生态经济效益 生态压力 主要作物 江西省 

分 类 号：F327[经济管理—产业经济]