免耕稻田氮肥运筹对土壤NH_3挥发及氮肥利用率的影响  

Effects of nitrogen management on NH_3 volatilization and nitrogen use efficiency under no-tillage paddy fields

作　　者：马玉华[1,2] 刘兵[1,2] 张枝盛[1,2] 郑大[1,2] 周亮[1,2] 曹凑贵[1,2] 李成芳[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]农业部长江中游作物生理生态与耕作重点实验室,武汉430070 [2]华中农业大学植物科技学院,武汉430070

出　　处：《生态学报》2013年第18期5556-5564,共9页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划:粮食丰产科技工程(2011BAD16B02);国家自然科学基金(31100319);中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金(2013PY106)

摘　　要：通过大田试验,设置5种不同的施肥比例(基肥∶分蘖肥∶拔节肥∶穗肥-2∶2∶3∶3(R1)、3∶2∶2∶3(R2)、4∶2∶2∶2(R3)、4∶3∶1∶2(R4)与0∶0∶0∶0(CK)),研究氮肥运筹对稻田NH3挥发和氮肥利用率的影响。结果表明,(1)相对于不施肥,施肥显著提高了稻田NH3挥发量。氮肥施用后,NH3挥发损失量占施氮量的6.2%—8.5%,其中,以分蘖期NH3挥发损失量最大,齐穗期次之,苗期和拔节期最小。施肥处理间,处理R1稻田累积NH3挥发量最小,显著低于其它施肥处理,比处理R2、R3和R4分别低9.1%(P<0.05)、10.9%(P<0.05)和17.7%(P<0.05)。(2)相关分析表明,田面水NH+4、pH值和土壤NH+4和pH值均与稻田土壤NH3挥发通量呈显著或者极显著相关;(3)处理R1水稻氮肥利用率相对于处理R2、R3和R4增加了28.4%(P<0.05)、55.4%(P<0.05)和74.9%(P<0.05)。研究表明,氮肥后移能有效降低免耕稻田NH3挥发,提高水稻的氮肥利用率。NH3 volatilization is an important process of N loss from fertilizer nitrogen （N） applied to no-tillage rice fields. It has been demonstrated that no-tillage promotes NH3 volatilization. However, few studies have been conducted to investigate the effects of N management on NH3 volatilization from no-tillage on a clay loam soil （Anthrosol, World Reference Base for Soil volatilization and N use efficiency from no-tillage rice fields in paddy fields. Therefore, a field experiment was conducted Resources） to study the effects of N management on NH3 the city of Wuxue in central China during the 2012 rice- growing season. In this study, five experimental treatments were arranged in a completely randomized design with three replications. Five treatments were applied including five application rates of N fertilizer in the seedling, mid-tillering, flowering and heading stages of rice： 2：2：3：3 （ R1 ）, 3：2：2：3 （R2）, 4：2：2：2 （ R3）, 4：3：1：2 （R4） and 0：0：0：0 （CK）. The NH3 volatilization fluxes were determined 20 times using a venting method during the 2012 rice growing season. NH~ concentrations and pH of the soils and field surface water were also measured. The obtained results showed that application of N fertilizer significantly enhanced both NH4 concentrations of the soils and field surface water and the soil pH. Compared with the other fertilized treatments （R2, R3 and R4）, R1 significantly decreased NH4 concentrations of the soils and fieldsurface water. In the fertilized treatments, during the rice growing season, each application of N fertilizer led to NH3 volatilization fluxes peaking after 1--3 days, and then dropping rapidly to those in the unfertilized treatment levels within 1-2 weeks. The NH3 volatilization fluxes in the CK treatment were relatively low, and remained nearly unchanged. The NH3 volatilization fluxes ranged from 2.0 to 21.94 mg＇m%d-1 for the CK treatment and from 2.21 to 209.6 mg-m-2-d-1 for the fertilized treatments. Mean NH3 volatil

关 键 词：氮肥运筹 NH NH 氮肥利用效率 

分 类 号：S511[农业科学—作物学]