断根结合生长素和钾肥施用对烤烟生长及糖碱比、有机钾指数的影响  

Combined effects of root cutting,auxin application,and potassium fertilizer on growth,sugar: nicotine ratio,and organic potassium index of flue-cured tobacco

作　　者：吴彦辉[1,2] 薛立新[2] 许自成[1] 许仪[2] 邵惠芳[1] 金磊[2] 黄五星[1] 刘春奎[3] 

机构地区：[1]河南农业大学烟草学院,郑州450002 [2]河南省烟草公司济源市公司,济源454650 [3]郑州轻工业学院,郑州450002

出　　处：《生态学报》2013年第18期5686-5695,共10页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：河南省烟草公司科技攻关项目(HYKJ2011M01;HYKJ201043)

摘　　要：河南济源烟区存在着烟叶糖碱比高、有机钾指数较低的生产现状,通过田间试验研究了打顶时断根(C)、打顶时断根结合喷施IAA(C+I)、打顶时断根结合追施钾肥(C+K)、打顶时断根结合喷施IAA并追施钾肥(C+K+I)和对照(CK)5种处理对烤烟生物量及糖碱比、有机钾指数的影响。结果表明:不同调控措施在烟株成熟期较对照均能增加根部、叶片的干重,减少烟碱、总糖在中上部烟叶的累积。断根结合喷施IAA能降低各部位烟叶的糖碱比,且以C+K+I处理的降幅最大,在下、中、上叶位中较对照分别降低了19.12%、15.33%和8.15%。与对照相比,各处理均能提高不同部位烟叶K+含量,降低Cl-和SO2-4含量。C+K+I处理能极显著提高各部位烟叶的有机钾指数,且在中上部烟叶中增幅最大,较对照分别提高了125.00%和209.43%。总的看来,打顶时断根结合喷施IAA并追施钾肥能促进烟叶中的干物质积累、降低糖碱比、提高有机钾指数,进而提高烟叶的内在品质。The total sugars and nicotine content in tobacco leaves affects the acid-base balance, while the ratio of total sugars to nicotine reflects the balance between tobacco taste and stimulation.The Project of International Quality Tobacco Development specified that the suitable ratio of total sugars to nicotine in Chinese tobacco was 8--12.Tobacco with high potassium content burns well with little tar release and has a satisfactory flavor.However, higher C1- and SO42- contents in tobacco are associated with lower potassium contents and reduced leaf flammability. The combination of potassium and organic acids contributes to the combustibility of tobacco leaf. The organic potassium index is the total potassium content minus the combined contents of CI- and SO24-.As a composite index, the organic potassium index reflects all the ions that affect the quality of flue-cured tobacco.The combustibility of tobacco with a low organic potassium index will be low, even if its total potassium content is relatively high.Varieties of flue-cured tobacco with a high total sugar：nicotine ratio and a low organic potassium index have been grown in tobacco-growing areas of Jiyuan, Henan Province, for a long time.Cutting roots can promote the growth of new roots and improve root activity. Applying auxin and potassium fertilizer can increase thepotassium content in tobacco leaves, and strengthen the carbon and nitrogen metabolism of flue-cured tobacco after topping. However, the combined effects of root cutting, auxin application, and potassium fertilizer on tobacco quality had not been evaluated.In this study, we applied the following five treatments to tobacco： root cutting while topping （C） ; root cutting and auxin （ indole-3-acetic acid ; IAA） application while topping （ C ＋ I ） ; root cutting and potassium topdressing while topping （C＋K）; root cutting, IAA application, and potassium topdressing while topping （C ＋K＋I）; and topping only （CK）. We determined the effects of these treatments on tobacco bi

关 键 词：烤烟 断根 生长素 钾肥 生长 糖碱比 有机钾指数 

分 类 号：S572[农业科学—烟草工业]