鄱阳湖湿地景观恢复的物种选择及其对环境因子的响应  

Species selection for landscape rehabilitation and their response to environmental factors in Poyang Lake wetlands

作　　者：谢冬明[1,2] 金国花[3] 周杨明[2] 黄灵光[2] 谭胤静[4] 陈伟娜[1] 严玉平[2] 戴星照[2] 谭诲如 

机构地区：[1]江西科技师范大学,南昌330038 [2]江西省山江湖开发治理委员会办公室,南昌330046 [3]江西省气象局信息中心,南昌330046 [4]江西省科学院,南昌330096

出　　处：《生态学报》2013年第18期5828-5834,共7页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：江西省科技重大专项课题（20114BAG01100-1-05-1）;江西省科技厅项目（20132BAB203030,2011ZBBJ70044）;江西省教育厅项目（GJJl3561,GLl318）;国家科技支撑计划项目（2012BACllB05,2007BAC23801）

摘　　要：湿地是重要的生态系统，对人类和野生生物都具有极其重要的价值。由于自然因素的变化和人类活动的干扰，湿地退化严重。近年来，湿地恢复已成为世界环境问题改善的重要工具之一。选择适用的湿地植物是退化湿地恢复的关键途径。本文以鄱阳湖湿地为研究对象，通过专家赋值、野外调查、定位观测等方法，筛选了苦草、野菱、芦苇、苔草等25种鄱阳湖常见植物作为湿地景观恢复的优先物种。对苦草、黑藻、菹草、菖蒲、芦苇等5种植物对环境因子的响应进行观测。结果表明，苦草在清水环境130--140cm处的生长最好；黑藻在清水环境中100—110cm处的生长最好；菹草在不同水深（50-160cm）下都能够生长，菹草高度随水深增加而增加；菖蒲具有一定的耐淹能力（〈80cm），但完全淹水（水深100-120cm）明显影响到菖蒲根状茎萌发、幼苗生长和生物量的积累；芦苇根状茎萌发对水深要求严格，土壤要湿润且透气性良好才是芦苇萌发的最好条件，芦苇根状茎萌发前淹水超过20cm其萌发将会受到明显抑制，淹水超过30cm则无法萌发。通过对沉水植物的透明度研究表明，植物对水质的透明度都有一定的要求，透明度较好更利于湿地植物的生长发育。Wetlands are not only an important habitat for many plants and wildlife but also a buffer zone between land and aquatic ecosystems. Wetland degradation has been found more prominent than any other natural ecosystems on Earth. Global wetland area has decreased over 50% during the past century. To effectively restore wetland ecosystems, the selection of optimum plant species is one of the most important steps. Poyang Lake wetlands, the largest experiencing severe degradation because of climate change and anthropogenic interventions. species for restoring Poyang Lake wetlands, this study first identified 25 plant species from 4 field investigation data. These plant groups are： hygrophyte, emerged plants, floating-leaved freshwater lake in China, are To find out the optimum plant plant groups based on previous plants, and submerged plants.The hygrophyte includes Arundo donax , Carex sp. （ Carex cinerascens ）, Artemisia selengensis , Triarrhena lutarioriparia , Vetiveria ziz^mioides , the emerged plants include Phragmites australis , Acorus calamus, Zizania latifolia , Sagittaria trifolia , Oenanthe javanica , Heleocharis dulcis , Nelumbo nucifera , Typha orientalis , the floating-leaved plants include Trapa incisa , Euryale ferox, Ipomoea aquatica, Nymphaea tetragona, and the submerged plants include Vallisneria spirolis, Hydrilla verticillata , Potamogeton crispus , Ceratophyllum demersum , Potamogeton malaianus , Potamogeton pectinatu , Myriophyllum spicatum. These species are resistant to contamination, with good purification effect and high economic benefits. These plant species have adapted to the hydrological regimes of Poyang Lake, therefore they are likely to be used as the optimum wetland restoration species. As the first stage of the Poyang Lake wetland restoration project, in this study, we only select 5 species out of the 25 plant species to test the responses of these species to changes in environmental factors based on in-situ observations. The results indicate that the optimum water depths for Va

关 键 词：退化湿地 景观恢复 湿地植物 环境胁迫 鄱阳湖 

分 类 号：X36[环境科学与工程—环境工程]