水源保护地土壤养分空间变异特征及其影响因素分析  

Study on Spatial Variability of Soil Nutrient Environment and Its influencing Factors in Water Source Protected Area

作　　者：胡艳霞[1] 周连第[1] 魏长山 杜景龙 

机构地区：[1]北京市农林科学院农业综合发展研究所,北京100097 [2]北京市密云县科学技术委员会,北京密云101500

出　　处：《土壤通报》2013年第5期1184-1191,共8页Chinese Journal of Soil Science

基　　金：北京市自然科学基金资助项目(8132028)资助

摘　　要：应用传统统计，并采用地理信息系统（GIS）与地统计学相结合的方法，初步研究了密云水库一级保护区0～20cm、20～40cm、40～60cm耕层和亚耕层土壤pH值、有机质、全磷、有效磷、硝态氮、全钾、速效钾等养分要素的空间分布规律及其影响因素，结果表明：密云水源一级保护区耕层、亚耕层土壤养分含量均在中等及以下水平，土壤速效养分含量变异系数较高、半方差函数分析变程较小，不同样点速效养分含量差异较大，随机因素如施肥对耕层速效养分含量的影响较大，而结构因素对耕层全量养分的影响较大；采用Kriging最优内插法得到了一级保护区内土壤养分含量的空间分布图，土壤有机质、土壤速效氮磷钾呈现出东高西低的分布格局，并且由西往东呈南北方向的条带型分布，与东北部潮河流域土地利用强度大及土地利用类型有关，其中菜地、大田种植的养分含量明显高于果园、消落地养分含量，更明显高于林地的养分含量，说明，肥料投入是其主要原因，尤其是消落地的化肥投入使得该区域内下层土壤的硝酸盐含量富集，随着水的流动而运移，对地下水和水库水质安全带来潜在危害，在密云水库保护区内农业管理政策、环境保护政策制定实施过程中应引起足够重视。Spatial distribution of pH, organic matter, total phosphorus, effective phosphorus, nitrate nitrogen, total potassium, effective potassium for different layers of 0 - 20 cm, 20 ~ 40 cm, 40 - 60 cm were studied using methods of traditional statistics and geostatistics in Miyun first protected area. Results showed that soil nutrient contents in topsoil and subsoil of this area were at middle or low level. Soil effective nutrients＇ coefficient of variation was high and their spatial heterogeneity ranges were low, which reflected that there was so much difference among different points and was influenced by random factors such as fertilizing, while soil total nutrients was influenced mainly by structure factors. The Kriging method was applied to calculate unobserved points and was used to generate the contour map. Results illustrated that the spatial distribution of soil organic matter, soil effective N, P and K was higher in the East part and lower in the West part of this area and distributed like different ribbons from the North part to the South part, due to land use intensity and land use types. Soil nutrient content of vegetable fields and croplands was higher than orchards and the reservoir lands, also higher than woodlands. All those showed that fertilizer inputs was the main reason for spatial distribution difference of topsoil and subsoil, especially higher content of effective N in subsoil layers. Attention should be paid to the potential harmfulness of cultured reservoir lands to soil environmental quality, need to establish stronger environmental protecting policy.

关 键 词：土壤 重金属 分布规律 铅锌冶炼区 关中西部 

分 类 号：S158[农业科学—土壤学]