潜流人工湿地对畜禽养殖废水的净化效果  

Purification effect of subsurface flow constructed wetland on livestock wastewater

作　　者：张彩莹[1] 王岩[2] 王妍艳[2] 

机构地区：[1]南阳师范学院生命科学与技术学院,南阳473061 [2]郑州大学化工与能源学院,郑州450001

出　　处：《农业工程学报》2013年第17期160-168,共9页Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

基　　金：国家科技重大专项"水体污染控制与治理"资助(2009ZX07010-004);河南省科技攻关计划项目(102102110104)

摘　　要：为了提高潜流人工湿地对畜禽养殖废水中污染物的去除效果,该试验通过改变湿地内部结构构建了4个潜流人工湿地单元,选用灰砖块和碎石做湿地填料,冬夏季轮作栽培齿果酸模和大狼把草,考察湿地运行期间对厌氧消化后猪场废水的净化效果。结果表明:湿地单元经过80d的启动,运行稳定,有植物湿地比无植物对照湿地提前10d左右进入稳定期。运行期间,各湿地单元对废水中氨氮(ammonia nitrogen,NH4+-N)、总氮(total nitrogen,TN)、总磷(total phosphorus,TP)和化学需氧量(chemical oxygen demand,CODCr)的去除率与气温变化均呈现显著线性正相关。在水力停留时间(hydraulic retention time,HRT)为4d,进水中CODCr、NH4+-N、TN、TP浓度分别为520、110、120、10mg/L左右时,4个湿地单元对CODCr、TP的去除率分别在60%和70%以上,对NH4+-N和TN的去除率分别为28%～67%和32%～58%,植物对CODCr及TP去除的贡献分别稳定在10%和4%左右,植物对氮的去除效果受气温影响较大,夏季对NH4+-N和TN去除的贡献分别可达13%和12%。与一般潜流人工湿地比较,改进的波形潜流人工湿地对NH4+-N、TN和CODCr的平均去除率提高均在3%以上,对TP去除效果差异不显著(P>0.05)。该研究可为构建大规模的潜流人工湿地处理畜禽养殖废水提供理论依据和技术支持。The purpose of this study is to enhance the removal efficiency of pollutants of livestock wastewater in subsurface flow constructed wetlands. Four wetland systems for treating anaerobic digester effluent from swine wastewater were constructed. The internal structure of wetland systems was improved. Gravel and gray bricks were filled as principal media in the wetlands. Two special plants, Bidens frondosa and Rumex dentatus, were cultivated by crop rotation in winter and summer in the wetlands. Processing effects of different wetland systems for swine wastewater were comprehensively studied during the running stage of wetlands. The results indicated that the wetland systems entered a stable period after the start-up for 80 days, and the cultivated plants wetland systems entered a stable period about 10 days in advance than controlled wetland （non-plant system）. A significant linear positively relationship was existed between removal efficiency of ammonia nitrogen（NH4＋-N）, total nitrogen（TN）, total phosphorus （TP） and chemical oxygen demand （CODCr ） of wastewater and temperature. When HRT was 4 days, and the concentrations of CODCr , NH4＋-N, TN, TP in the influent were 520, 110, 120, 10 mg/L respectively, the removal efficiencies of COD Cr and TP of wastewater were over 60% and 70%, respectively. Removal efficiencies of NH4＋-N, TN of wastewater were 28%-67% and 32%-58%, respectively.The contributions of plants to removal efficiencies of COD Cr and TP were around 10% and 4%, respectively. The impact of temperature on plants was important for the removal of nitrogen. The contributions of plants to removal efficiencies of NH4＋-N and TN were approximately 13% and 12% in summer. Compared with the subsurface flow constructed wetland, the removal efficiencies of NH4＋-N, TN and COD Cr improved all over 3% in improved wavy subsurface flow constructed wetland, but the removal efficiency of TP in wetlands has not significant difference（P0.05）. The study could provide a reference for constructi

关 键 词：废水 湿地 试验 大狼把草 齿果酸模 潜流人工湿地 

分 类 号：X703[环境科学与工程—环境工程]