反思非洲殖民主义遗产  

Rethinking the Legacy of ColoniaHsm in Africa

作　　者：龙刚[刚果(金)][1] 

机构地区：[1]北京大学国际关系学院非洲研究中心博士研究生,北京100871

出　　处：《世界经济与政治》2013年第9期71-89,共19页World Economics and Politics

摘　　要：关于非洲发展问题,国际学术界有两种观点:内因论和外因论。内因论认为,非洲领导人要对自己国家的情况负主要责任,不要归咎于殖民主义和西方压迫。而与之相对的外因论则把非洲描绘成一个西方列强和其他外部力量压迫和阴谋的受害者。但是,由于金融危机暴露出的西方金融系统腐败和中国崛起等因素,内因论和外因论的依据已经变得站不住脚。一方面,当前国际金融危机导致了非洲的经济困境,而这种困境并非由于非洲领导人所致。事实上,由于国际金融危机,以前的非洲殖民大国正在通过培养亲西方的非洲国家领导人来追求其在非洲的战略利益,西方列强不会放弃对非洲的控制。另一方面,外因论把非洲状况归咎于殖民主义和西方压迫的观点也难以成立。因为曾经作为殖民对象的中国经过自身努力实现了崛起,这使得非洲领导人没有借口来解释为何他们资源丰富的国家仍然处于国际政治经济的底层。由此可以得出结论,西方大国通过培育非洲国家的系统性腐败谋取战略利益,内因论站不住脚;非洲领导人可以像中国那样选择突破西方控制体系而又不以追求个人私利为唯一取向,外因论也因之难以成立。因此,内因论和外因论的观点都是殖民主义遗产影响的结果。There are two schools of thought within the international academic community with regard to problems related to Africa's development;the internal causes theory and the external causes theory.Internalists argue that African leaders bear a great responsibility for their countries' situation and do not have to blame colonialism and Western oppression for it.This viewpoint is opposed by the Externalists who portray Africa as a victim of Western powers and other external forces' oppression and conspiracy.However,owing to the fact that the financial crisis has exposed the corruption of the Western financial system as well as the rise of China,which was once also colonized,the basis of the internal causes theory and the external causes theory has become untenable.At any rate,the internal causes theory and the external causes theory are both the outcome of the colonial legacy in Africa.Since it can be concluded thatWestern powers foster systemic corruption in African countries in order to safeguard their strategic interests,this renders the internal causes theory untenable.At the same time,like China,African leaders can chose to break free from the Western control system and avoid having to resort to seeking the pursuit of personal self-interests as the only leadership orientation and motivation,so their external causes rhetoric is also untenable.

关 键 词：非洲发展 殖民主义遗产 内因论 外因论 中国崛起 

分 类 号：D74[政治法律—政治学] D06[政治法律—中外政治制度]