制度距离与跨国收入差距  

Institutional Distance and Transnational Income Gap

作　　者：黄新飞[1] 舒元[2] 徐裕敏[1] 

机构地区：[1]中山大学国际商学院 [2]中山大学岭南学院

出　　处：《经济研究》2013年第9期4-16,共13页Economic Research Journal

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(71003111);广东省普通高校人文社会科学一般项目(10WYXM062);中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金(10wkjc05)和(10pywk11)

摘　　要：本文从民族异质性的角度分析当前跨国制度差异存在的根源,选择跨国间遗传距离作为制度差异的工具变量,详细阐述了其作为工具变量的合理性和有效性。文章将全球146个国家和地区两两匹配成10585个样本组合,从政治制度差异、经济制度差异和制度执行特征差异等方面,选择世界银行和遗产基金会的14个指标,构造跨国间制度距离变量,并采用1996—2010年数据进行横截面Ⅳ估计制度差异对跨国收入差距的长期影响。实证结果表明,制度差异对跨国间收入差距具有长期显著的正向影响,并且这种影响在样本期有逐渐加强的趋势。在控制了人力资本、地理因素、语言宗教和共同信仰等因素后,本文仍得到相似的结论。使用不同的遗传距离测算指标和估计方法表明,实证结果具有稳健性。This paper analyzes the cause of transnational institutional differences from the core of the system and the process of institutional change points. We choose transnational genetic distance as the instrumental variable of institutional difference, and elaborate it as the rationality and validity of the instrumental variable. Utilizing the cross-sectional data of 146 major countries, which constitute 10585 observations each year, we estimate the effect of institutional difference （a variable constructed by 14 factors of three aspects： the difference of political institution, economic institution and institution implementation from the World Bank and the heritage foundation） on multinational income gap. The empirical results show that institutional difference has the positive effect on multinational income gap in the long term between countries, and the influence has a significant upward trend. After controlling the factors of geography, human capital, language and religion, we still have similar conclusions. Different genetic distance measurement indicators and estimation methods show that conclusion is robustness.

关 键 词：制度距离 跨国收入差距 遗传距离 民族异质性 工具变量估计 

分 类 号：D034[政治法律—政治学] F113.8[经济管理—国际贸易] F224[经济管理—世界经济]