美国围绕胚胎干细胞研究的道德和政治争议  

Moral and Political Controversies over Embryonic Stem Cell Research in the U.S.

作　　者：张业亮[1] 

机构地区：[1]清华大学中美关系研究中心

出　　处：《美国研究》2013年第3期62-88,6-7,共27页The Chinese Journal of American Studies

摘　　要：尽管胚胎干细胞研究所引发的道德、伦理争议是世界性的,但美国是对胚胎干细胞研究争议最为激烈的国家。自从1995年美国国会通过有关胚胎干细胞研究的法律,特别是自小布什政府颁布相关行政命令以来,对胚胎干细胞研究进行监管的政策和法律成为联邦政府推行公共政策时最棘手的问题之一,也是引起美国社会争议和分裂的文化和道德价值观问题之一。与其他西方国家不同,美国围绕胚胎干细胞研究的立法、司法和政策争议主要是围绕联邦政府是否应资助该研究,以及联邦政府是否应将研究限制在现有的胚胎干细胞系内展开的。胚胎干细胞研究之所以在美国引发激烈的争议,宗教和社会保守派的反对、选举政治的驱动、利益集团的游说、联邦制对公共政策的影响是几个重要的原因。它所引发的道德伦理、司法法律、立法和政策争议,已成为美国正在进行的"文化战争"的一个重要组成部分,对美国社会和政治产生了深刻的影响。Based on a historical survey of the American federal government's policies on embryonic stem cell research,this article analyzes moral, legislative,and legal disputes over stem cell research and the factors that cause those disputes.It finds that embryonic stem cell research has aroused one of the most highly ethical and moral controversies in the United States,although those disputes are worldwide.Since the Congress passed the law regarding stem cell research in 1995,especially after the issuing of an executive order by George W.Bush administration,policies and laws that regulate embryonic stem cell research have been one of the toughest public policy-making problems for the federal government,and one of the highly controversial issues of cultural and moral values that divided American society.Unlike the situations in other western countries,legislative,legal,and policy disputes over embryonic stem cell research in the U.S.are fighting mainly in such areas as whether the federal government should finance the research,as well as whether the research should be limited to the already existing stem-cell lines.The major causes for the disputes include the oppositions from religious and social conservatives, electoral considerations,lobby activities of interest groups,and the influence of federalism on public policy-making.The moral,legal, and policy controversies over the research have become an important part of the'cultural war'now going on in the U.S.,and will have deep impacts on American society and politics.

关 键 词：美国社会 科技政策 公共卫生政策 胚胎干细胞研究 文化战争 

分 类 号：R329[医药卫生—人体解剖和组织胚胎学] D771.2[医药卫生—基础医学]