高含硫气田元素硫沉积及其腐蚀  

The elemental sulfur deposition and its corrosion in high sulfur gas fields

作　　者：范舟[1] 李洪川[1] 刘建仪[2] 欧阳旭[1] 鲁柳利 

机构地区：[1]西南石油大学材料科学与工程学院 [2]"油气藏地质及开发工程"国家重点实验室.西南石油大学 [3]中国石油川庆钻探工程公司地质勘探开发研究院

出　　处：《天然气工业》2013年第9期102-109,共8页Natural Gas Industry

基　　金：四川省教育厅重点项目"硫沉积环境下集输管材硫腐蚀机理研究"(编号:12ZA294)

摘　　要：高含硫气田在开发和维护过程中容易出现硫沉积并引发严重硫腐蚀,由此造成的管道堵塞、管道腐蚀穿孔、设备损毁失效都会严重影响油气田的正常生产。为此,分析了高含硫气田中元素硫的来源:①烃类硫酸盐的热化学反应;②高温高压下H2S的缩聚反应;③硫烷的分解;④离子多硫化物的分解;⑤氧气对H2S的氧化;⑥溶解在液态烃中的元素硫。阐述了硫沉积的发生机理:元素硫能溶解在酸性气体中,主要是溶解在硫化氢中。剖析了硫腐蚀机理:包括以元素硫的水解为基础的催化机理、水解机理、电化学机理和直接反应机理。探讨了硫腐蚀的影响因素:温度、压力、氯离子、硫的存在形式和流速等。最后建议:针对硫沉积区的特殊环境,开展多介质多相混合流体中管线的硫腐蚀机理研究,并建立其腐蚀模型。该研究成果可为高含硫油气田的安全有效开发提供参考。Sulfur deposition resulting in serious sulfur corrosion easily occurs in the development and production of a high sulfur gas field, and the severe consequences such as pipe blockage, pipe piecing, damage to or failures of equipments, and so on, will inevita bly impede the normal operation of the field. In view of this, the origins of the elemental sulfur in such a high-sulfur gas field were first analyzed as follows： a. the thermal chemical reaction among the hydrocarbon sulfate; b. the polycondensation of H2 S under high temperature and high pressure; c. the decomposition of sulfanes; d. the decomposition of ion polysulphide; e. the oxidation of H2 S by oxygen; f. the elemental sulfur dissolved in the liquid hydrocarbon. Then, the mechanism of sulfur deposition was explained= the elemental sulfur will dissolve in sour gases, especially in the H2S solution. On this basis, the mechanism of sulfur corrosion was also analyzed, including hydrolysis-based catalytic mechanism, hydrolysis mechanism, electrochemistry mechanism, and direct response mechanism. Then, the influencing factors of sulfur corrosion were discussed： temperature, pressure, chloride ion, the sulfur exist- ence form, flow rate, etc. In the end, it is suggested that the research of sulfur corrosion mechanism should be conducted in the pipelines with multi-media and multi-phase flowing fluids under such a special environment of sulfur deposition, based on which the corresponding corrosion models should be also established. This study provides theoretical reference for safe and efficient develop ment of high-sulfur gas finfluencing factor, corrosion modeling.

关 键 词：含硫气田 元素硫 硫沉积 硫腐蚀 影响因素 腐蚀模型 

分 类 号：TE37[石油与天然气工程—油气田开发工程]