皱纹盘鲍三元杂交苗种制备与养成  

Breeding and grow-out of three-way hybrid Pacific abalone,Haliotis discus hannai Ino

作　　者：李加琦[1,2] 刘晓[1] 刘光谋 林壮炳 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院海洋研究所,山东青岛266071 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100039 [3]国家海产贝类工程技术研究中心,山东荣成264316 [4]广东省汕头市水产技术推广中心站,广东汕头515041

出　　处：《海洋科学》2013年第8期6-10,共5页Marine Sciences

基　　金：国家863计划(2012AA10A412);国家科技支撑计划(2011BAD45B01)

摘　　要：以皱纹盘鲍(Haliotis discus hannai Ino)中国群体与日本群体的杂交(WJ)子1代为母本,在汕头养殖并选育了3代的"S"群体为父本,建立三元杂交组合(WJ-S)并尝试了海区围堰全生态模式养殖。以同期繁育的皱纹盘鲍中国群体与日本群体的杂交子1代(WJ-F1)为对照,比较WJ-S与对照组在生长速度和存活率等方面的差异。结果表明,在苗种和养成阶段,WJ-S的度夏存活率均显著高于同期对照;从围口壳幼体到养成阶段,WJ-S组的平均壳长大于同期对照,养成阶段WJ-S组的全湿重显著高于对照,表明皱纹盘鲍三元杂交子代的生长速度显著高于对照;从苗种到养成阶段的3次分选数据表明,WJ-S的大规格子代比例均高于对照,小规格苗种比率则低于对照,表明三元杂交鲍苗种的生长速度优于对照;在青岛崂山海区全生态养殖18个月,三元杂交组已达商品规格。上述结果表明,在二元杂交的基础上加入第三方亲本S制备的三元杂交皱纹盘鲍,在生长速度、夏季高水温期的存活率等方面都较皱纹盘鲍"中-日"杂交子代显著提高。We conducted a three-way crossing in Pacific abalone （Haliotis discus hannai Ino） with the WJ （~） cohort, which was a hybrid between the wild populations from China （~, W） and that from Japan （~, J）, and the S （~） cohort which was selected for high growth rate in Shantou for three generations. The over-summering growth rate and survival rate were compared between the derived three-way cross （WJ-S） and the F1 generation of WJ （WJ-FI）. The results showed that the average growth rate of the WJ-S cohort was significantly higher than that of WJ-FI （P 〈 0.05）, which was also seen at commercial production scale. As a result, the proportion of large size adult abalones （ 〉 6 cm in shell length） in the WJ-S cohort was about 2 times more than that of WJ-Fx. WJ-S also out per- formed the W J-F1 in survival rate during over summering. The survival rate of the WJ-S cohort was 64.02% higher than that of W J-F1 cohort during over-summering. In short, WJ-S exhibited higher growth and survival rate thanW J-F1, suggesting that three-way crossing may be applicable in aquaculture of Pacific abalone.

关 键 词：皱纹盘鲍（Haliotis DISCUS HANNAI Ino） 苗种繁育 养殖 三元杂交 生长速度 存活率 

分 类 号：S968[农业科学—水产养殖] Q321[农业科学—水产科学]