长牡蛎中国群体与日本群体杂交子一代的生长和存活比较  

Growth and Survival of the first generation of Hybrid between Chinese and Japanese populations of Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas

作　　者：孔令锋[1] 滕爽爽[1] 李琪[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国海洋大学海水养殖教育部重点实验室,山东青岛266003

出　　处：《海洋科学》2013年第8期78-84,共7页Marine Sciences

基　　金：国家"863"项目(2012AA10A405-6);国家重点基础研究发展计划项目(2010CB126406)

摘　　要：以中国长牡蛎(C)和日本长牡蛎(J)为材料,进行了4个组合的杂交和自交实验,分析了各实验组受精率、孵化率,幼虫和稚贝的生长、存活以及杂交子代的杂种优势。结果表明,自交组的受精率介于杂交组之间,但是经单因素方差分析表明没有显著性差异;JJ组的孵化率最高,其次是JC和CC组,CJ组的孵化率最低,相同卵子来源的组合在孵化率上无显著差异。JJ组在幼虫期和稚贝期、养成期的壳高、壳长平均值均大于其他三组;JC组在幼虫期和稚贝期、养成期的壳高、壳长仅次于JJ组,其壳高、壳长和存活率杂种优势率均较为明显;CJ组的杂种优势率在幼虫期和稚贝养成期的各个生长性状上都表现为负值。杂交子一代中存在正交和反交结果不同的现象可能与母性效应、遗传因素和环境等因素有关。Intraspecific hybridization was investigated using two stocks of the Pacific oyster, China population （C） and Japan population （J）. The fertilization rate, larval survival rate, growth and heterosis were compared between two reciprocal hybrid crosses （C ♀ × J♂, CJ and C ♀ × J♂） and two parental groups （C ♀ ×C♂, CC and J♀ × J♂, JJ）. The results indicated that the fertilization rate of parental groups was between that of hybrid crosses, and there was no significant difference between two reciprocal hybrid crosses and two parental groups. JJ group had the highest hatching rate, followed by JC cross and CC group, and CJ cross had the lowest one. No sig- nificant difference was observed among the four groups with the same egg origin. The shell height and length of JJ group were superior to those of the other three groups in larval, juvenile and adult stages, followed by JC cross, and the heterosis of JC cross in shell height and length and survival was obvious. In contrast, the CJ cross did not show positive heterosis in all performance during the whole experiment. The different heterosis between the two recipro- cal hybrid crosses might be related to the maternal effects, heredity and environment.

关 键 词：长牡蛎（Crassostrea gigas） 杂交 生长 存活 杂种优势 

分 类 号：S968.3[农业科学—水产养殖]