中国南方籼稻生产区的化肥利用效率及脱钩研究  

Chemical Fertilizer Utilization and Decoupling Analysis for Indica Rice Growing Areas of Southern China

作　　者：秦钟[1,2,3] 章家恩[1,2,3] 李逸勉[1,2,3] 吴睿珊[1,2,3] 

机构地区：[1]华南农业大学,农学院生态学系,广东广州510642 [2]华南农业大学,农业部生态农业重点开放实验室,广东广州510642 [3]华南农业大学,广东省高等学校农业生态与农村环境重点实验室,广东广州510642

出　　处：《农业现代化研究》2013年第5期602-607,共6页Research of Agricultural Modernization

基　　金：广东现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(编号:粤农[2009]380号);“十一·五”国家科技支撑计划专题(编号:2009BADC6B007);国家环保部公益性行业科研专项(编号:201009020-04);广东省科技计划项目(编号:2009B020311012);广州市软科学项目(编号:11C72100705)

摘　　要：对2005-2009年间中国南方13个籼稻生产区及全国籼稻化肥利用效率、氮磷钾养分比例等情况进行了分析,并引入脱钩理论,对单位水稻播种面积的化肥施用量与籼稻主产品产量间的响应关系进行了研究。结果显示,各籼稻生产区不同程度地存在着施肥量年度波动较大、化肥的利用率不高、增产效果不明显等情况,大部分主产区籼稻主产品产量的增长是以过度施用化肥为代价的;从全国平均情况来看,中籼稻产区在化肥施用强度比早、晚籼稻低10.41%和8.73%的情况下,水稻主产品产量增加,化肥平均偏生产力和有效利用系数均高于早、晚籼水稻,化肥施用强度与水稻主产品产量之间已处于相对或准相对脱钩状态。晚籼稻的化肥有效利用系数和偏生产力相对较低,对化肥的依赖程度较强。Efficiency of chemical fertilizer and proportions of N, P and K application in thirteen indica rice growing areas of Southern China during 2005-2009 were analyzed. Decoupling theory was introduced to explore the relationship between chemical fertilizer usage and rice yield as well. The result showed that the condition of considerable annual fluctuation in rice output, low utilization of chemical fertilizer and insignificant production increase effect could be found to some varying degrees in most of indica rice growing area, in which the rice production increased at the expense of excessive chemical fertilizer application. Average rice yield, partial factor productivity of applied chemical fertilizer and effective utilization coefficients for medium indica rice were higher under the circumstance that per unit area application of chemical fertilizer was lower than those for early/late indica rice by 10.41% and 8.73% respectively. The relative or the quasi-decoupling responses of chemical fertilizer utilization to rice production were detected in medium indica rice production regions. Chemical fertilizer application efficiency and effective utilization coefficients for late indica rice were lower. Rice yield in late indica rice production regions had higher reliance on chemical fertilizer application.

关 键 词：籼稻生产 化肥施用 有效利用 脱钩分析 

分 类 号：S147.22[农业科学—肥料学] S147.5[农业科学—农业基础科学]