香蕉组培苗基质配方的筛选  

Substrates Selection for the Banana Tissue Culturing

作　　者：戴敏洁[1] 马蔚红[2] 刘永霞[2] 李绍鹏[1] 王必尊[2] 

机构地区：[1]海南大学园艺园林学院.海南海口7570228 [2]中国热带农业科学院海口实验站.海南海口570102

出　　处：《热带作物学报》2013年第9期1714-1724,共11页Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops

基　　金：国家青年基金项目(No.31101123);海南省科技计划重点项目(No.ZDXM20110013);海南省自然科学基金项目(No.311062);国家香蕉产业技术体系海口综合试验站、香蕉研究所平台资助

摘　　要：以椰糠、砖红壤、有机肥和河沙作为基质材料,用正交法设定出16种配方,对巴西香蕉组培苗进行营养杯栽培试验,通过测试分析基质理化性状、幼苗叶片营养元素含量和生长指标,确定出最佳的基质配方。结果表明:椰糠与砖红壤是影响基质理化性状、植株生长与大中量养分积累的主要因素,砖红壤是影响微量元素锰、锌、镍、镉积累的主要因素,有机质是影响铜素积累的主要因素。椰糠混配处理显著改善了基质的pH值、容重等理化性状,促进了植株生长,增加了叶片养分积累。其中椰糠∶泥土∶有机肥∶河沙=4∶0∶0.05∶0.1(体积比)配方具有最佳的理化性状及育苗效果,该基质的容重比对照(纯砖红壤土)降低86.27%,总孔隙度增加39.34%,大小孔隙比增加92.31%,pH值增加0.78,EC值增加0.29 mS/cm,夜间温度比对照增加0.4～0.6℃;育苗后叶片N、P、K累积量分别比对照增加94.48%、490.54%、54.86%,中微量元素也较对照显著增加;幼苗的茎粗、株高、地上部分生物量(干重)分别比对照增加49.78%、49.68%、127.42%,根系活力增加18%。An orthogonal experiment was used to find the best ratio of culture substrate for banana＇s tissue culturing. The physical and chemical characteristics of the culture substrates, nutrient status of the leaves, and the biomass were measured as the indicators. The results showed that cocoanut and krasnozem were the major influencing factors of the physical and chemical characteristics of the culture substrates, the biomass and the large and middle nutrient content in the plants. Krasnozem was the major influencing factors of the micronutrient content of Mn, Zn, Ni, Cd in the plants. The organic matter was the major influencing factors of the micronutrient content of Cu in plants. Cocoanut mixed with krasnozem could significantly improve the poor physical and chemical characteristics of krasnozem, and the plant growth. The treatment 13： Cocoanut ： krasnozem ： organic fertilizer：river sand=4：0：0.05：0.1 had the best physical and chemical characteristics as well as the effect of plant trait. Volume-weight reduced 86.27%, total porosity increased 39.34%, ratio of large pores and small pores increased 92.31%, pH increased 0.78, EC values increased 0.29 mS/cm, and temperature at night increased 0.4- 0.6 ~C than that of the contrast. After the seedling, the nutrient of N, P, K in the leaves, increased 94.48%, 490.54%, 54.86% than that of the contrast respectively. The secondary and trace elements also increased significantly than that of the contrast respectively. The stem diameter, plant height, above ground biomass （dry weight） and root activity increased 49.78%, 49.68%, 127.42% and 18% than that of the contrast respectively.

关 键 词：香蕉组培苗 基质 理化性状 幼苗生长 叶片营养元素含量 

分 类 号：S668.1[农业科学—果树学]