火龙果黑斑病菌[Bipolariscactivora(Petrak)Alcorn]生物学特性研究  

Biological Characteristics of Bipolaris cactivora(Petrak)Alcorn Causing Black Spot of Dragon Fruit

作　　者：李敏[1] 胡美姣[1,2] 薛丁榕[2] 杨冬平[1,2] 杨波[1,2] 张正科[1] 赵超[2] 高兆银[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国热带农业科学院环境与植物保护研究所农业部热带作物有害生物综合治理重点实验室农业部热带农林有害生物入侵监测与控制重点开放实验室海南省热带农业有害生物监测与控制重点实验室,海南海口571101 [2]海南大学环境与植物保护学院.海南海口570228

出　　处：《热带作物学报》2013年第9期1770-1775,共6页Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops

基　　金：海南省自然科学基金(No.30232);中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项(No.2011hzs1J027、No.2011hzs1J004);公益性行业(农业)科研专项(No.201303077-1);海南大学热带生物资源教育部重点实验室青年基金(No.qnjj1230)

摘　　要：为了明确分离自火龙果黑斑病的病原种类、生物学特性及防治方法 ,对该病菌进行了种类鉴定、生物学特性研究以及室内药剂筛选。结果表明,引起该火龙果病害的病原菌为仙人掌平脐蠕孢[Bipolaris cactivora(Petrak)Alcorn]。该病菌菌丝生长最适温度是30℃,产孢最适温度20℃。菌丝生长最适pH为5,产孢最适pH8。光照对菌丝生长无显著影响,黑暗条件有利于产孢。菌丝生长最佳碳源是葡萄糖和D-果糖,产孢最佳碳源为甘露醇。菌丝生长和产孢的最佳氮源均为蛋白胨,菌丝致死温度为70℃,10 min。丙环唑对病菌的毒性最强,其次是咪鲜胺、腈菌唑、苯醚甲环唑和异菌脲。该病菌有很强的环境适应性,应采用有效药剂进行针对性防治。The Identification of species, morphological characteristics, and fungicide selection in lab of the pathogen were studied. The results showed that the pathogen was Bipolaris cactivora （Petrak） Alcorn. The optimal temperature for the mycelium growth was 30 ~C; the optimal temperature for sporulation was 20 ~C. The mycelium could grow optimally at pH5. pH8 was favorable for sporulation. The effect of light on mycelial growth was not significant. Darkness was conducive to sporulation. Among the tested carbon souses, glucose and D-fructose were the best for the mycelium growth. And mannitol was the best for sporulation. Among the tested nitrogen sources, the optimum nitrogen source for the mycelium growth and sporulation was peptone. Toxicity test of 15 fungicides on B. cactivora causing dragon fruit rot was carried by growth rate method and the 7 fungicides inhibiting the pathogen hypha growth better were analyzed according to their ECs0 value and slope of toxicity regression equation. The results showed that toxicity of prochloraz was the strongest to the pathogen hypha growth, followed by myelobutanil, propiconazole, iprodione and difenoconazole. The adaptability to environment of the pathogen was very strong, effective fungicides control could be needed . the lethal temperature was 70 ℃ for 10 min.

关 键 词：火龙果黑斑病 仙人掌平脐蠕孢 生物学特性 室内杀菌剂 筛选 

分 类 号：S436.68[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]