水情波动下2006-2011年塔里木河下游植被变化研究  

Changes of Vegetation Coverage Under Hydrological Fluctuations in Lower Leaches of Tarim River Basin

作　　者：王士飞[1,2] 包安明[1] 王永琴[3] 黄粤[1] 刘驰[4] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所荒漠与绿洲生态国家重点实验室,新疆乌鲁木齐830011 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049 [3]塔里木河流域管理局信息中心,新疆库尔勒841000 [4]南水北调中线干线工程建设管理局,北京100038

出　　处：《水土保持通报》2013年第4期131-135,共5页Bulletin of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：中国科学院战略性先导科技专项“应对气候变化的碳收支认证及相关问题”(XDA05050104);中国科学院“西部之光”项目;西部博士资助项目(XBBS201010)

摘　　要：由于开都—孔雀河来水量的减少,塔里木河下游生态输水量自2006年开始锐减,之后连续枯水3a,直至2010年来自上游的输水水头才重新到达塔河下游台特玛湖处。采用2006—2011年Landsat TM卫星遥感影像数据,对塔里木河下游区域进行了植被分类和覆盖度信息提取;在连续植被变化监测数据的基础上,研究了水情波动影响下的塔里木河下游地区植被时空变化格局,探讨了形成植被变化时空差异的主要原因。结果表明,2006—2011年植被覆盖面积总体上呈现先下降再升高的现象,其中灌木林地变化最为显著;2011年研究区植被覆盖度总体高于2006年,大部分区域的植被覆盖度呈缓慢增加趋势,覆盖度显著增加区域面积占2011年植被覆盖面积6.3%;生态输水量的变化是影响塔里木河下游植被生长与恢复的主导因素,大范围的植被恢复的主要原因在于地下水位的显著抬升,而地下水位的升降主要依赖于生态输水量的变化。Due to the reduction of water flow from Kaidu--Kongque River since 2006, the ecological water convey- ance in the lower reaches of Tarim River decreased sharply for three years until the waterflow reached into Taitema Lake in 2010. The paper studied on the spatial and temporal changes of vegetation coverage with continuous monito- ring of the vegetation changing under hydrological fluctuations during 2006--2011 by substracting the data of vegetation information through Landsat TM remote sensing image data in lower reaches of Tarim River Basin and explored the main reasons of the spatial and temporal variances of the vegetation changes. The results in- dicated that vegetation area decreased during 2006 to 2009 and then increased with the maximum area increase in shrub land; the overall vegetation coverage of the studied region was higher in 2011 than 2006 with a slow increasing in most of the area and a significant increased area only accounted 6.3o//oo of the whole area in 2011; the change of water flow in the Tarim River is the dominant factor of vegetation growth and recovery in the area since it raised the groundwater that directly prompted vegetation recovery.

关 键 词：遥感 植被变化 塔里木河 生态输水 

分 类 号：P208[天文地球—地图制图学与地理信息工程]