渭北旱塬坡耕地玉米-苜蓿间作对土壤养分和产量的影响  

Effect of Intercropping Corn and Alfalfa on Soil Nutrients and Yield of Sloping Field in Weibei Dryland

作　　者：成婧[1] 吴发启[1] 云峰[1] 王健[1] 吴光艳[1] 

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学资源环境学院,陕西杨凌712100

出　　处：《水土保持通报》2013年第4期228-232,共5页Bulletin of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目"水蚀过程中地表糙度的演化及其侵蚀响应规律研究"(40871133);国家重点基础科学"973"研究发展计划项目(2007CB407201)

摘　　要：选取5°，10°和15°共3个不同坡度的耕地，对玉米一苜蓿间作模式和玉米单作模式（对照处理）下的土壤养分含量以及作物产量进行了对比，以研究坡耕地粮草间作在保持土壤肥力和提高作物产量方面的作用。结果表明，间作和单作的土壤养分在播前差异不显著，在收获后差异显著，间作的养分损失量要小于单作，有机质、全氮、全磷、硝态氮、铵态氮、速磷和速钾含量分别相对减少了0．04g／kg，0．05g／kg，0．01g／kg，1．6mg／kg，1．2mg／kg，0．1mg／kg和3．2mg／kg；两种种植模式坡上的土壤养分含量均小于坡下，且间作坡上与坡下的养分含量差值比单作的小，其中有机质、全氮、全磷、硝态氮、铵态氮、速磷和速钾含量分别相差了0．13g／kg，0．05g／kg，0．01g／kg，0．5mg／kg，0．3mg／kg，0．2mg／kg和0．4mg／kg；各坡度下间作的玉米产量均高于单作的玉米产量，5°～15°间作地的玉米产量分别为7426．3，7280．3和6802．5kg／hm2，比单作玉米的产量分别提高了1．35％，0．92％和0．89％，且间作地的苜蓿产量达到了当地单产水平，表明在渭北旱塬区玉米-苜蓿间作措施是可行的。To investigate the effect of corn--alfalfa intercropping on maintaining soil fertility and improving crop yields, soil nutrients and crop yield in both corn--alfalfa intercropping and corn monocropping（CK） lands were studied on different slopes （5~, 10~ and 15~）. The results indicate that, soil nutrients showed lit- tle difference between corn--alfalfa intercropping and corn monocropping land before sowing, but significant changes were showed after harvest, as nutrient losses of intercropping were less than monocropping. Differ- ence in contents of organic matter, total N, total phosphorus, nitrate, ammonium nitrogen, available phos- phorus and available potassium between intercropping and monocropping were 0.04 g/kg, 0.05 g/kg, 0.01 g/kg, 1.6 mg/kg, 1.2 mg/kg, 0.1 mg/kg, 3.2 mg/kg. Soil nutrients at lower slopes were higher than that at upper slopes under both crop patterns, while this nutrients differences among slopes were less in inter- cropping than monocropping. And the differences on contents of organic matter, total N, total phosphorus, nitrate, ammonium nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium were 0. 13 g/kg, 0. 05 g/kg, 0.01 g/kg, 0.5 mg/kg, 0.3 mg/kg, 0.2 mg/kg and 0.4 mg/kg between lower slope and upper slope. Corn yields of intercropping were higher than corn yields of monocropping. From 5° to 15°, corn yields of inter- cropping were 7 426.3, 7 280.3 and 6 802.5 kg/hm2 , which was higher by 1.35%, 0.92% and 0.89G, respectively, compared to corn yields of monocropping. Moreover, alfalfa yield of intercropping reached the local level, which indicated that the pattern of corn--alfalfa intercropping was feasible in Weibei dryland.

关 键 词：坡耕地 玉米苜蓿间作 玉米单作 土壤养分 产量 

分 类 号：S344.2[农业科学—作物栽培与耕作技术]