主谓句段的主语界定  

Subject in Sentence Segments of the SP Type

作　　者：杨国文[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院语言研究所

出　　处：《世界汉语教学》2013年第4期435-453,共19页Chinese Teaching in the World

基　　金：中国社会科学院语言研究所资助课题"系统功能视角下的汉语语法"(YB11-01)阶段性研究成果的一部分

摘　　要：吕叔湘先生于上世纪60年代初期提出汉语句段构句思想。句段中的正段是构句的基本句段,正段中的主谓段由主谓短语构成。本文结合系统功能语法理论,借鉴前人研究成果,特别是参照吕叔湘先生本人的一些相关阐述,尝试对主谓段中的主语做一界定。和大多数语言一样,汉语有自己的常规基本句式。在用以表示不同种类的过程的常规基本句式中,句式成分的语法功能是确定的,具有无标记特征。这种通过常规基本句式表现出来的句式成分的无标记特征在信息结构、句法功能、语义角色三个维度是同一的,由此我们得到无标记主位和无标记常规主语。句式变异导致句式成分的非常规、有标记特征。当常规主语不出现,有影响类或范围类直接补语成分移至动词前时,分别形成两类非常规主语。Lu Shuxiang proposed the theoretical model of sentence segments for Chinese lan- guage analysis in the early 1960s. According to the model, a sentence is formed by sentence seg- ments; and a sentence segment of the SP type consists of the Subject and the Predicate. In this paper we try to present some criteria for identifying the Subject in sentence segments of the SP type with reference to the theory of SFG and some existing achievements in the field, especially the relevant analyses proposed by Lti Shuxiang himself. Like most languages, Chinese has its own basic sentence patterns for expressing processes of different types. The constituents of a basic sen- tence pattern have unmarked features in terms of information value, grammatical function and se- mantic role; hence, we can get the unmarked Theme and the unmarked conventional Subject in this way. The changes in the order of the constituents will lead to their non-conventional and marked features in the construction. If the conventional Subject is absent, an affected Comple- ment or a Complement of Range, when occurring before the main verb, can be identified as the non-conventional Subject.

关 键 词：句段 主语 过程 参与者 范围 

分 类 号：H146[语言文字—汉语]