花后水分亏缺对夏玉米产量及水分利用效率的影响  

Influence of Water Deficiton Summer Maize Yield and the Water Use Efficiency

作　　者：吴景玉[1] 陶洪斌[1] 王璞[1] 周祥利[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国农业大学农学与生物技术学院,农业部作物栽培与耕作学重点实验室,北京100193

出　　处：《玉米科学》2013年第5期66-70,共5页Journal of Maize Sciences

基　　金：国家玉米产业技术体系项目(CARS-02-26)

摘　　要：以郑单958为试验材料,分别于吐丝至吐丝15 d、吐丝至吐丝30 d和吐丝30 d至成熟期3个时期进行水分亏缺处理(T1、T2、T3),以花后适宜水分供应为对照(CK),研究花后不同时期水分亏缺对夏玉米产量和水分利用效率的影响。结果表明,3个阶段的水分亏缺均使玉米产量降低,其中,T1处理的降幅最大,T3处理的降幅最小,与CK相比均达到显著性差异。T1处理下玉米的叶片衰老最快,在整个生育后期叶面积指数一直处于较低的水平;成熟期时,各处理的叶面积指数均低于CK。T1和T2处理使成熟期时的单株总干重显著下降,较CK分别下降了24.98%、29.94%。T3处理下作物的水分利用效率最高,比CK高0.5 kg/(mm·hm2);T1处理下作物的水分利用效率最低,且与CK达到显著差异。各个时期的水分胁迫均使玉米的穗粒数减少,穗长变短,穗粗降低,行粒数减少,秃尖变长,空秆率上升。Zhengdan958 was used as test material,water deficit was applied after post-anthesis stage,taking 15days after silking and 30days after silking as the demarcation point,which divided the post-anthesis stage into 3 parts（T1,T2 and T3,respectively）and taking whole stage under appropriate moisture as CK.Influences of water deficit at different periods after post-anthesis stage on maize yield and the water use efficiency were studied.The results showed that the water deficit treatments reduced maize yield significantly,T1 declined the most and T3 the least in the three water deficit treatments.T1 leaf senesced fastest,and the leaf area index was at a low level in the latter part of the whole growth stage.Leaf area index of different treatments were lower than CK in mature.Total dry matter accumulation of T1 and T2 decreased significantly,24.98% and 29.94%,respectively compared with CK.The highest water use efficiency was T3,increased by 0.5 kg/（mm·ha） than CK and the lowest was T1,but T1 was significantly different compared with CK.Water stress treatments resulted grain number lessened,ear length and diameter reduced,kernels per row declined,bald tip length longer,meanwhile rod rate increased.

关 键 词：夏玉米 水分亏缺 产量 水分利用效率 

分 类 号：S513.01[农业科学—作物学]