不同耕作方式对瘠薄型黑土区土壤结构的影响  

Influence of Different Tillage Modes on the Structure of Dystrophic Black Soil

作　　者：张久明[1] 迟凤琴[1] 宿庆瑞[1] 匡恩俊[1] 金梁[1] 蔡姗姗[2] 

机构地区：[1]黑龙江省农业科学院土壤肥料与环境资源研究所/黑龙江省土壤环境与植物营养重点实验室/黑龙江省肥料工程中心,哈尔滨150086 [2]东北农业大学资源与环境学院,哈尔滨150030

出　　处：《玉米科学》2013年第5期104-108,共5页Journal of Maize Sciences

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划(2012BAD05B01);国家自然科学基金(41171244);黑龙江省自然科学基金(ZD201113);中国与联合国开发计划署绿色发展项目(CPR/06/209-07)

摘　　要：通过深松和玉米秸秆粉碎直接覆盖、秸秆粉碎0~20 cm耕层混拌方式,分析深松和秸秆不同还田方式对土壤容重、孔隙度、三相比及硬度的影响,研究秸秆添加腐解剂快速腐解后土壤物理特性的变化。结果表明,通过深松和秸秆还田后土壤结构均较未深松对照（CK）明显改善,土壤三相比较试验播种前趋于合理,田间持水量和孔隙度较CK明显提高,田间持水量提高3.30~6.78个百分点,孔隙度提高2.90~5.63个百分点,其中秸秆粉碎耕层混拌＋腐解剂处理表现最好;其次是秸秆粉碎覆盖＋腐解剂。土壤硬度变化表明,收获期秸秆粉碎覆盖＋腐解剂和秸秆粉碎耕层混拌＋腐解剂处理土壤硬度在地表0~10 cm较CK降低74.4%和65.1%;11~20 cm土壤硬度较CK降低58.6%和56.1%;秸秆粉碎覆盖和秸秆粉碎耕层混拌处理土壤硬度在地表0~10 cm较CK降低80.3%和43.7%,11~20 cm土壤硬度分别较CK降低56.7%和15.5%。试验表明,深松＋秸秆粉碎还田处理明显降低土壤硬度,改善土壤结构,腐解剂在雨水充沛时期发挥效果明显。The impact of deep tillage and different maize straw returning patterns on soil bulk density,porosity,hardness and triphase ratio,and the changes of soil physical properties as rapid decomposition agent added to straw were studied by the method of plot experiment.The results indicated that the soil structure was evidently improved by the treatment of deep tillage and straw returning compared by the control treatment.Triphase ratio tends to be reasonable compared to pretest;field capacity and porosity were obviously improved compared to control treatment and the field capacity was increased by 3.30%-6.78%,porosity increased by 2.90%-5.63%,buried straw combined with decay agent treatment has the best effects,and then covered straw combined with decay agent treatment.Compared with control treatment,in 0-10 cm layer,soil hardness of buried straw combined with decomposition agent and covered straw combined with decomposition agent treatments was decreased by 74.4%,65.1%,respectively;in 11-20 cm layer,decreased by 58.6%,56.1%,respectively.Soil hardness of covered straw and buried straw these two treatments in 0-10 cm layer were reduced to 80.3%,43.7%,respectively,in 11-20 cm layer,reduced to 56.7%,15.5%,respectively.The results also indicated deep tillage combined with returning crop stalks to the field could decrease soil hardness,improve soil structure,and decay agent could play a better role at the rainy season.

关 键 词：玉米秸秆 黑土 土壤结构 机械深松 秸秆腐解 

分 类 号：S513.047[农业科学—作物学]