情势变更原则在建设工程合同中的适用——德国建筑私法实践及其对我国的启示  

The Application of the Principle of Changed Circumstances in Construction Contract: the Implication from the German Practice of Construction Private Law

作　　者：黄喆[1] 

机构地区：[1]东南大学法学院,江苏南京210096

出　　处：《法律科学（西北政法大学学报）》2013年第5期93-100,共8页Science of Law：Journal of Northwest University of Political Science and Law

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学研究青年项目(10YJC820048);德国洪堡基金会;"东南大学优秀青年教师教学科研资助计划"资助项目

摘　　要：交易基础障碍制度在德国民法学说史上历经百余年的发展锤炼,渐以成熟完善,并于2002年债法改革后法典化。其相比于我国的情势变更原则具有更加广泛的内涵与外延,在适用标准的界定上殊值借鉴。具体到建设工程施工合同领域中,需要首先通过合同解释规则确定合同约定的内容,其次要将合同约定的风险承担和法定的风险划分进行剥离,再次需要个案判断情势的变化是否"重大",最后要严格把握"不可苛求"、"牺牲临界"的标准。当事人主张适用交易基础障碍制度,首先须提出调整方案,调整的目的并非在于重置合同当事人之间的等价关系,而仅在于结束一方当事人"不可苛求"的履行状态;调整不成或债权人拒绝调整的,遭受不利益的一方当事人有权请求解除合同。The theory of German business base has become mature and perfect after more than one hundred years＇ de- velopment in German civil law theory history and been codified in the German Civil Law through the modernization of obliga- tion law in 2002. In contrast with the principle of changed circumstances, it has broader intension and extension. It de- serves our reference in the aspect of the definition of the standard of application. As for the construction contract, firstly we need to ascertain the content of contract by interpretation, secondly we need to separate the risk arranged by contract from the risk set by law, thirdly we need to judge whether the changed circumstance is significant case by case, finally we must grasp the criteria of ＂unreasonable＂ and ＂sacrifice limit＂. The party who claims to apply the theory of business base must provide adjustment plan. The intention of adjustment is to conclude one party＇ s performance status of ＂unreasonable＂, if adjustment failed or the creditor denies the adjustment, the suffered party has the right to request the dissolution of contract.

关 键 词：建设工程合同 交易基础障碍制度 适用标准 

分 类 号：DF525[政治法律—民商法学]