化粪池排口处土壤对典型农户生活污水氮素污染物的消减测算研究  

Estimate the Abatement Rate of Septic Tank Sewage Outfall Soil on Nitrogen Pollutants of Typical Farmer Household Sewage

作　　者：周锋[1] 王文林[1,2] 王国祥[1] 马久远[1] 万寅婧[3] 唐晓燕[2] 梁斌[2] 季斌 

机构地区：[1]南京师范大学地理科学学院,江苏省环境演变与生态建设重点实验室,南京210023 [2]环境保护部南京环境科学研究所,南京210042 [3]江苏省环境工程咨询中心,南京210029 [4]南通市通州区环境保护局,南通226300

出　　处：《环境科学》2013年第10期3954-3962,共9页Environmental Science

基　　金：国家国际科技合作项目(2010DFB93700);环境保护公益性行业科研专项(201309035);国家水体污染控制与治理科技重大专项(2012ZX07506-007,2012ZX07101-008);环境保护部南京环境科学研究所中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务专项

摘　　要：原位采集太湖流域平原河网地区典型农户化粪池排口处的表层土壤及化粪池出水,人工模拟研究区域的典型降水(夏季30 mm·次-1、冬季5 mm·次-1)、气温(夏季27℃、冬季5℃)条件以及排污负荷进行室内模拟土柱实验,测算不同季节、不同天气过程(雨前7 d、雨天3 d、雨后7 d)化粪池排口处土壤对农村生活污水氮素污染物的消减率/增加率,并探讨其消减增加规律.结果表明,排污口土壤TN、NH+4-N消减率、NO-3-N增加率均存在显著的季节性差异(P<0.05);夏季TN消减率、NO-3-N增加率在不同天气过程(雨前、雨天、雨后)存在显著差异(P<0.01),而夏季NH+4-N消减率和冬季TN、NH+4-N消减率、NO-3-N增加率则无显著差异(P>0.05);因此,TN、NH+4-N消减率和NO-3-N增加率均需按季节进行划分,夏季TN消减率、NO-3-N增加率还需按天气过程进行划分,夏季雨前、雨天、雨后分别为38.5%、-25.0%、46.0%和478.1%、913.8%、382.0%,而夏季NH+4-N消减率和冬季TN、NH+4-N消减率、NO-3-N增加率则无需按天气过程进行划分,分别为91.5%、50.4%、85.5%和276.0%;夏季雨前、雨天及雨后TN消减率与NH+4-N消减率不相关,但与NO-3-N增加率呈显著负相关,冬季土壤中TN的稳定蓄积是冬季雨前、雨天及雨后TN消减率无显著性差异并保持较高水平的重要原因,且其与NH+4-N在土壤中的稳定蓄积密切相关.The surface soil on sewage outfall and effluent of farmer household septic tank were collected in situ from the typical region of plain river network areas in Taihu Lake Basin, and the typical rainfall （summer 30 mm. times-1 , winter 5 mm .times-1 ） , temperature （summer 27℃, winter 5℃ ） condition and pollutant load were artificial simulated by indoor simulation soil column experiments for estimating nitrogen abatement rate of rural sewage treated by the outfall soil and exploring the abatement rule in different seasons and weather process （7 days before the rain, 3 rainy days, 7 days after the rain）. Results showed that： there was the significant difference （P 〈 0.05） in abatement/increase rate of outfall soil on nitrogen between summer and winter. The TN abatement rate, NO3- -N increase rate of summer showed a significant difference （P 〈 0. 01 ） among different weather processes, but the NH4 -N abatement rate of summer and the TN, NH4＋ -N abatement rate, NO3- -N increase rate of winter were not significant （ P 〉 0.05 ）. Therefore, the TN, NH4 -N abatement rate, NO3- -N increase rate need to be divided by seasons, TN abatement rate, NO3- -N increase rate of summer need to be divided by the weather process, which were 38.5%, -25.0%, 46.0% and 478.1%, 913.8%, 382. 0% , before the rain, in rainy day, after the rain, respectively; while the NH4 -N abatement rate of summer and the TN, NH4 -N abatement rate, NO3--N increase rate of winter do not need to be divided by weather process, were 91.7% , 50.4% , 85.5% and 276. 0% , respectively. In the summer, the TN abatement rate in different weather processes was not correlated with NH4 -N abatement rate, but significantly negative correlated with NO3- -N increase rate. In the winter, the stable accumulation of TN in soil was an important reason of the TN abatement rate which had no significant difference and kept a high level among different weather processes, and it was closely related to the stable accumulation of NH4＋ -N in soil.

关 键 词：化粪池 生活污水 土壤 氮素 消减率 测算 

分 类 号：X52[环境科学与工程—环境工程]