电子废物排放持久性有毒污染物的控制政策分析  

Analysis of Control Policy for Persistent Toxic Substances from Electronic Wastes in China

作　　者：李力[1,2] 吕永龙[1] 王铁宇[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院生态环境研究中心城市与区域生态国家重点实验室,北京100085 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049

出　　处：《环境科学》2013年第10期4132-4138,共7页Environmental Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41071355);"十一五"国家科技支撑计划重点项目(2008BAC32B07)

摘　　要：近年来持久性有毒污染物(PTS)的环境污染和风险问题引起国内外广泛关注,电子废物是其重要的排放源.本研究针对电子废物的排放路径,基于生命周期管理,把电子废物管理分为源头削减、过程控制、末端管理和应急管理四大环节,分析我国电子废物PTS控制相关的法规政策.从管理目标、法规可得性、详细规定、法规协调性和法规政策执行效果五大方面构建法规政策评估体系,采用专家意见法对每个环节涉及的法规政策进行全面评估.源头削减环节的PTS法规政策管理较为完善,有明确的管理目标和较好的法规可得性,而应急管理环节的PTS法规政策管理最不完善,缺乏明确的管理目标和详细规定,法规协调性和执行效果差.根据评估结果针对不同环节提出相应的控制政策建议.The environmental pollution and risk of persistent toxic substances （PTS） have caused extensive attention nationally and internationally in recent years. Electronic waste （e-waste） is an important emission source of PTS. Based on life-cycle management, ewaste management was divided into four major areas according to emission paths of e-waste PTS, namely source reduction, process control, end-of-pipe treatment and emergency response. Related regulations and policies of China＇s e-waste PTS control were analyzed. An evaluation system of regulations and policies was set up, which involves management objective, regulation availability, specific provisions, regulations coordination and policy implementation. The regulations and policies of each life-cycle phase were evaluated according to expert eonsultaney. The regulations and policies of source reduction are more perfect for their clear management objectives and the better regulation availability, while the response is the most imperfect, for lacking of clear management objectives and detailed rules, and poor coordination and implementation of the regulation. Recommendations for regulation and policy improvement were proposed based on the assessment results.

关 键 词：电子废物 持久性有毒污染物 生命周期管理 政策分析 政策评估 

分 类 号：X32[环境科学与工程—环境工程]