基于卫星观测资料的全球闪电活动特征研究  

Characteristics of Global Lightning Activities Based on Satellite Observations

作　　者：朱润鹏[1,2,3] 袁铁[1] 李万莉[2] 纳根文 

机构地区：[1]兰州大学大气科学学院半干旱气候变化教育部重点实验室 [2]中国科学院大气物理研究所中层大气与全球环境探测实验室 [3]68310部队测绘气象室

出　　处：《气候与环境研究》2013年第5期639-650,共12页Climatic and Environmental Research

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目40905008;40930949;兰州大学中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金lzujbky-2010-11;中国科学院空间科学战略性先导科技专项XDA04072400

摘　　要：利用卫星携带的闪电探测系统所获取的11年(1995年5月至2006年4月)闪电资料,对全球闪电活动特征进行了详细分析。结果表明:全球闪电频数约为46.2 fl s–1(fl为flash简写,表征闪电发生的次数),在30°S^30°N闪电数占全球闪电总数的78.1%,陆地和海洋的闪电密度之比为9.64:1。近海海域面积占海洋面积的近3成,但闪电数占海洋闪电总数的近7成,远海海域闪电的密度很小。陆地和近海海域闪电活动随季节变化呈现出单峰特征,峰值出现在7月。中高纬度大陆东部近海海域闪电频数大于西部,赤道附近区域相反,大陆西部近海海域闪电频数大于东部。闪电活动随海拔高度的变化呈两峰三谷的特征,两峰分别出现在海拔100~2400 m和3300~4600 m,3个低谷分别出现在海拔100 m以下、2400~3300 m和4600 m以上,这是在地理位置和海拔高度的影响下,各种因素综合作用的结果。The characteristics of global lightning activities are investigated by using the lightning data recorded by the Optical Transient Detector （OTD） and the Lightning Imaging Sensor （LIS） during 1995-2006. Results indicate that approximately 46.2 fl s1 （fl denotes flash and numbers the times lightnings happen） lightning flashes including intra-cloud and cloud-to-ground types occur worldwide and that nearly 78.1% of global lightning flashes occur in the region of 30°S-30°N. Moreover, the lightning density ratio of land to ocean is approximated at 9.64：1. Although offshore areas account for nearly 30% of all oceans, lightning flashes over these areas account for nearly 70% of the total lightning flashes over all oceans; the lightning density over open sea is very low. Furthermore, monthly variations in lightning activities over both land and offshore areas clearly show a characteristic single peak with the maximum appearing in July. The lightning density over offshore areas on the east coast of content is larger than that on the west coast in middle- and high-latitude regions, while the reverse is true over equatorial areas. Variation in lightning density with altitude is represented by two peaks and three valleys with the former appearing at 100-2400 m and 3300-4600 m, and the latter appearing below 100 m, at 2400-3300 m, and above 4600 m. These features are caused by the combined action of various factors influenced by terrain and geographic location.

关 键 词：闪电活动 海陆分布 季节变化 海拔高度 

分 类 号：P427.3[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]