世界泥炭分布规律  

Distribution Law of Peat in the World

作　　者：王铭[1,2] 刘子刚[3] 马学慧[1] 王国栋[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院湿地生态与环境重点实验室,中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所,吉林长春130102 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049 [3]中国人民大学环境学院,北京100872

出　　处：《湿地科学》2013年第3期339-346,共8页Wetland Science

基　　金：中国科学院湿地生态与环境重点实验室开放基金项目(WELF-2009-B-001);国家科技重大专项项目“渭河关中段生态基础流量保障技术研究”(2009ZX07212-002-003)资助

摘　　要：全球地形复杂多样,泥炭资源分布也不均衡,根据泥炭的堆积强度,概括了全球泥炭的6个堆积带:①极地弱度泥炭堆积带;②中纬度弱度泥炭堆积带;③山地弱度泥炭堆积带;④热带和亚热带弱度泥炭堆积带;⑤温带强度泥炭堆积带;⑥潮湿热带强度泥炭堆积带。根据泥炭的地表形态,划分了以下主要泥炭地类型:苔原多边形泥炭地、冻结的丘状泥炭地、高低位镶嵌的泥炭地、毯状披盖式泥炭地、凸起的贫营养泥炭地和平坦的富营养泥炭地;论述了主要泥炭地类型的分布以及每类泥炭地的特点和赋存特征;总结了估算全球泥炭地面积的研究进展。针对全球气候变化和人类活动双重影响下的大尺度泥炭地面积及分布规律的研究,提出了未来精确估算泥炭地面积的方法及泥炭地在全球碳循环中的重要性。Based on accumulative strength of peat, peatlands in the world were divided into 6 principal zones, from high latitudes to low latitudes, in different climatic zones： ①low strength accumulating zone of peat in polar region;②low strength accumulating zone of peat in middle latitude region; ③low strength accumulat- ing zone of peat in mountains; ④low strength accumulating zone of peat in tropic and sub-tropic region; ⑤ high strength accumulating zone of peat in temperature region; ⑥high strength accumulating zone of peat in tropical rainforest region. According to the surface configuration, the main types of peatlands included tundra polygon peatland, frozen hummocky peatland, high and low-level inlaid peatland, blanket peatland, raised oli- gotrophic peatland and fiat eutrophic peatland. The distribution and occurrence characteristics of each type of peatlands were also presented. Then the researches on peatlands areas in the world were summarized. Under the double impacts of global climate change and human activities, some precise technical methods should be used to study the area and distribution of large-scale peatlands. Finally, the importance of peatlands in the global carbon cycle and peatlands protection were advocated.

关 键 词：泥炭 泥炭地 分布规律 

分 类 号：P966[天文地球—自然地理学]