中国北方春小麦生育期变化的区域差异性与气候适应性  

The regional diversity of changes in growing duration of spring wheat and its correlation with climatic adaptation in Northern China

作　　者：俄有浩[1] 霍治国[1] 马玉平[1] 徐芸皎[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国气象科学研究院,北京100081

出　　处：《生态学报》2013年第19期6295-6302,共8页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展计划资助项目(2010CB951302);国家自然科学基金资助项目(41275115)

摘　　要：利用北方18个农业气象观测站春小麦主要发育期和气象观测等资料,通过相关性分析等方法,研究了北方春小麦生育期间气候和发育期变化特点及发育期变化区域差异性形成原因。结果表明,我国北方春小麦生长季普遍增温,大部分观测站春小麦生育期间和灌浆期的平均气温显著升高,有效积温显著增加,生育期显著缩短。然而,稳定通过0℃初日没有显著提前,表明增温主要发生在生长季后期。春小麦主要发育期和生育期与不同生育阶段的平均气温和有效积温的相关性分析表明,后期增温并没有完全显著提前成熟期,春小麦生育期缩短是播种期推迟和成熟期提前共同作用的结果。春小麦生育期间的平均气温与生育期的相关性比有效积温与生育期的相关性更高,能更好地定量刻画北方春小麦生长发育客观规律。春小麦品种改良变换、播种期调整以及其它适应性措施的实施以及措施实施程度在区域上的差异性是春小麦生育期变化区域差异的主要原因。北方春小麦生长发育的区域性差异是各自适应气候变化的结果。Changes in climate have had a significant impact on crop growth and development across China. However, the responses in crop phenology and growing duration to climate change were regionally diverse, especially in northern China where spring wheat is planted as the staple crop. This study explored the time trends and characteristics of the changes in climate variables as well as the phenology and growing duration of spring wheat. The correlations between these variables have also been examined to find the reasons for the regional diversity of spring wheat growth and development in response to climate change, based on the spring wheat phenology data set and meteorology derived from 18 agricultural meteorological observation stations and the use of correlation analysis methods. The results show that the annual average air temperatures during February to August, which represent the thermal resource availability for the spring wheat growing season, have a significant warming trend since 1980, with the largest increase in temperature measured as 0.78 ℃/decade. However, the initial dates of more than zero Celsius degree have not become significantly earlier. In response to these characteristics of changes in climate, the planting and seedling dates have not become significantly earlier, showing some significant and slight delay in some stations and slight advancement in others. The annual average temperatures and growing degree days, from planting to maturity and grain filling stages have increased significantly, indicating that regional warming in northern China mainly occurs during the reproductive growth stage rather than in vegetative growth stage. Due to the delay and advancement in planting dates in some stations, the growing duration during the growing period has decreased significantly in 10 stations and slightly decreased in the other stations. However, the results of correlation analyses show that the correlation coefficients between planting dates and growing durations are noticeably higher than that betwee

关 键 词：春小麦 生育期 发育期 全球变暖 气候适应性 

分 类 号：S512.12[农业科学—作物学]