大西洋中部延绳钓黄鳍金枪鱼渔场时空分布与温跃层的关系  

Relationship between the temporal-spatial distribution of longline fishing grounds of yellowfin tuna (Thunnus albacares) and the thermocline characteristics in the Central Atlantic Ocean

作　　者：杨胜龙[1,2] 马军杰[3] 张禹 化成君 戴阳 

机构地区：[1]农业部东海与远洋渔业资源开发利用重点实验室,上海200090 [2]中国水产科学研究院渔业资源与遥感信息技术重点开放实验室,上海200090 [3]同济大学法学院/知识产权学院,上海200092

出　　处：《生态学报》2013年第19期6345-6353,共9页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：科技支撑计划项目(2013BAD13B01;2013BAD13B06);资源与环境信息系统国家重点实验室开放基金(2010KF0005SA);中国水产科学研究院基本科研业务费资助(2012A1201;2013A0201);中央级基本科研业务费(2012T07);上海市科技创新行动计划(12231203901)

摘　　要：为了解大西洋延绳钓黄鳍金枪鱼(Thunnus albacares)渔场适宜的温跃层参数分布区间,采用Argo浮标水温信息和大西洋金枪鱼会委员(International Commission for the Conservation of Atlantic Tunas ICCAT)的黄鳍金枪鱼延绳钓渔获数据,绘制了大西洋中部月平均温跃层特征参数和月平均单位捕捞努力量渔获量(Catch per unit effort CPUE)的空间叠加图,用于分析大西洋中部延绳钓黄鳍金枪鱼中心渔场时空分布和温跃层特征参数关系。分析结果表明:大西洋中部温跃层上界深度、温度具有明显的季节性变化,而温跃层下界深度、温度没有明显的季节变化特征。空间叠加图显示,1—6月份在赤道地区中心渔场主要分布在温跃层上界深度为20—60 m之间。7—9月份在60—80 m,同期在纳米比亚外海,中心渔场区域温跃层上界深度超过100 m。10—12月份,中心渔场区域温跃层上界深度下降到60 m左右。全年在赤道区域,中心渔场CPUE主要分布在温跃层上界温度26—29℃,低于24℃区域渔获率很低;温跃层下界深度在160—250 m,集中在230 m;温跃层下界温度在12—14℃之间,在此区间外CPUE值都比较低。7—11月份,在纳米比亚外海的中心渔场区域上界温度会低至20℃,下界深度分布在140—160 m,下界温度在14—15℃左右。数值计算得出大西洋中部黄鳍金枪鱼适宜的温跃层上界温度是26—28.9℃;适宜的温跃层下界温度和深度分别是12—14.9℃和150—249 m,而上界深度和中心渔场CPUE关系不明显。研究得出大西洋延绳钓黄鳍金枪鱼中心渔场温跃层各特征参数的适宜分布区间及季节变化特征,为延绳钓黄鳍金枪鱼实际生产作业和资源管理提供理论参考。We evaluated the isoline distribution of thermocline characteristics （the upper and lower boundary temperatures and depths） in the yellowfin tuna （Thunnus albacares） fishing grounds in the tropical Atlantic Ocean. We plotted the thermocline characteristics contour on a spatial overlay map using data collected on a monthly basis from Argo buoys and monthly CPUE （catch per unit effort） from yellowfin tuna longlines from the International Commission for the Conservation of Atlantic Tunas （ICCAT）. In addition, frequency analysis and the empirical cumulative distribution function （ECDF） were used to calculate the optimum ranges for the thermocline characteristics of the central fishing grounds. Our analysis suggested that there were significant seasonal variations in the upper boundary temperature and depth of the thermocline in the central fishing grounds, which significantly influenced the temporal and spatial distribution of the yellowfin tuna population. However, the lower boundary temperature and depth of thermocline has little seasonal variation. The lower boundary depth of the thermocline isoline depth showed that the higher depth area （〉250 m） was shaped like the letter ‘W’. Similarly, the lower boundary temperature of the thermocline isoline depth suggests that the temperature is higher besides the equator and lower around the equatorial Zonal. The overlay map suggest that the upper boundary of the thermocline in the fishing grounds of the yellowfin tuna ranges from 20 to 60 m in the equatorial zone during January to June. It is between 60 and 80 m from July to September, but increases to 100 m offshore of Namibia during July to September. The upper boundary of the thermocline in the fishing grounds decreases to about 60 m from October to December. The fishing grounds are distributed where the upper boundary temperature of the thermocline is between 26 and 29 ℃ all year in the equator zonal, whereas the hooking rates are low where the temperature falls below 24 ℃. The lower b

关 键 词：黄鳍金枪鱼 大西洋中部 温跃层 ARGO 

分 类 号：S931[农业科学—渔业资源]