敦煌莫高窟第3窟为西夏洞窟考  

Mogao Cave 3 at Dunhuang Should Be Considered a Western Xia Cave

作　　者：沙武田[1] 李国[2] 

机构地区：[1]敦煌研究院文献研究所,甘肃兰州730030 [2]敦煌研究院,甘肃敦煌736200

出　　处：《敦煌研究》2013年第4期1-11,125-127,共11页Dunhuang Research

基　　金：国家973计划项目(2012CB725306);教育部哲学社会科学重大攻关项目"百年敦煌学史"

摘　　要：莫高窟第3窟是敦煌石窟的代表窟之一,窟内南北壁千手千眼观音经变突出的线描艺术,是敦煌艺术中的奇葩。对于该窟的时代,以敦煌研究院为代表的学界一致认为是元代。但近来不断有学者提出质疑,提出西夏说。经过我们仔细的考察研究,对持元说主要证据——窟内史小玉题记作了辨析,结合窟内壁画内容及其艺术风格特征,联系敦煌石窟元代和西夏时期的洞窟营建等时代特征,通过详细地比较分析,结果表明莫高窟第3窟实为西夏时期的洞窟,而非元窟。Mogao Cave 3 is representative of Dunhuang caves. The thousand-armed and thousand-eyed Avalokite？vara illustrations on both north and south walls give prominence to the art of line drawing, in which Dunhuang art excels. Cave 3 is generally considered to be constructed in the Yuan dynasty, mainly by scholars from Dunhuang Academy. Recently, scholars have gradually put forth their opinions on the construction date of Cave 3, arguing it dates back to Western Xia. This study carefully examined the inscription left by Shi Xiaoyu in Cave 3, the main evidence for its construction in the Yuan dynasty, considered the contents and artistic styles and features of the murals inside Cave 3, comparatively studied the different features of both Western Xia and Yuan dynasty caves, and finally came to the conclusion that Cave 3 at the Mogao Grottoes was constructed in the Western Xia instead of the Yuan dynasty.

关 键 词：莫高窟第3窟 洞窟时代 西夏时期 

分 类 号：K879.21[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学]