荒漠草地植物多样性对肥料添加的响应  

Response of Plant Diversity in Desert Grassland to Nutrient Elements Addition

作　　者：涂文霞[1] 叶茂[1] 徐海量[2] 赵新风[2] 

机构地区：[1]新疆师范大学地理科学与旅游学院/新疆干旱区湖泊环境与资源实验室,新疆乌鲁木齐830054 [2]中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所,新疆乌鲁木齐830011

出　　处：《中国沙漠》2013年第5期1349-1355,共7页Journal of Desert Research

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41101534;40971284);新疆维吾尔自治区高校科研计划科学研究重点项目(xjdx0909-2010-11);国家重点基础研究发展计划项目(2009CB421308);水利部公益性行业科研专项项目(201101049)资助

摘　　要：选择古尔班通古特沙漠南缘典型丘间低地荒漠草地,采用完全随机区组设计,通过设置8个肥料添加处理(CK、N、P、K、NP、NK、PK、NPK),研究了荒漠草地植物多样性对不同肥料添加处理的响应,得出以下结论:(1)研究区植被丰富度指数在P、NP、PK肥添加的作用下显著增加,而其余处理对其影响不显著,NK处理使研究区植被丰富度指数下降;多度指数在不同肥料添加下表现出与丰富度指数相同的特征;(2)不同施肥处理对荒漠草地的生物多样性有不同程度的影响:P肥、NP肥的添加使Simpson指数、Shannon-Weiner指数和Pielou指数与对照(CK)相比显著增加(p<0.05),表明P肥添加、NP肥添加是增加新疆荒漠草地生物多样性的有效措施;(3)植被丰富度指数在年际间的变化表现为:2009年开始施肥,2010年丰富度指数下降,2012年丰富度指数上升,即随着施肥时间的推移,同一块样地丰富度指数呈先下降后增加的趋势,均匀度指数随时间呈上升趋势。Based on field measurement of plant species and their abundance, the response of plant diversity in deserted grassland near the Gurbantunggut Desert in Xinjiang on different nutrient elements addition were researched, seven nutrient treatments of N, P, K, NP, NK, PK, NPK addition were set up. Some conclu- sions were as follow： （1） under the three treatments of P, NP, PK addition, the richness index increased significantly, while other treatments had no significant effect on the richness. Even some treatment, such as NK addition, reduced the richness index of the study area. The species number showed the same charac- teristics with the richness index under different nutrient addition. （2） The impact of nutrient addition treat- ment on plant diversity is different： compared with the CK, the Simpson index, Shannon index, and Pielou index increased significantly （p〈0.05） under the treatments of P addition and NP addition, which showed that the optimal for deserted grassland near the Gurbantunggut Desert were P and NP nutrient addition. （3） The variation of plant richness index in the inter-annual performed increased first and then declined, the change in evenness, diversity index are increasing trend.

关 键 词：荒漠草地 施肥 植物多样性 

分 类 号：Q948.113[生物学—植物学]