谁是无套裤汉?——身份意识与法国革命前后政治文化变迁探析  

Who are the Sans-Culottes?:Identity and the Transformation of Political Culture during the French Revolution

作　　者：张弛[1] 

机构地区：[1]浙江大学人文学院历史系,博士后杭州310028

出　　处：《世界历史》2013年第5期37-47,158,共11页World History

基　　金：国家社科基金重大项目"法国大通史编纂"(项目号:12&ZD187);国家社科基金青年项目"18世纪法国地方行政体制改革研究"(项目号:13CSS012);第53批中国博士后科学基金面上资助"1789-1792年法国大革命初期的地方行政体制与地方政府研究"(项目号:2013M530280)

摘　　要：作为尽人皆知的革命经典形象,"无套裤汉"常指1792年之后活跃在法国革命舞台上的激进民众。通过对基本史料的解析,本文认为"无套裤汉"这个身份起源于旧制度下的"文人共和国",是底层文人的自嘲之词。旧制度末年,该词逐渐演变成一种反特权的措辞。革命时期,"无套裤汉"的词义更是几经变化,皆与政治形势的动荡紧密相关。换言之,"谁是无套裤汉"这个问题从一个侧面生动地反映了法国革命前后政治文化的变动。As a well-known classic revolutionary figure,a Sans-Culottes member usually refers to a radical working class person who was active on the revolutionary stage after 1792.Based on the analysis of historical documents,this article argues that,originating from the Republic of Letters in Old Regime,Sans-Culottes is used self-mockingly by literary lower-class men.Until the end of the Old Regime,it had become an expression that had an anti-privilege connotation.During the French Revolution,the identity of Sans-Culottes was affected by the political pendulum.The question 'Who are the Sans-Culottes?' reflects the transformation of the political culture around the French Revolution.

关 键 词：无套裤汉 沙龙文人共和国 旧制度 法国大革命 

分 类 号：K565.41[历史地理—历史学]