英国运用科学技术化解“雾都”问题的经验  

UK Experience:Improve Air Quality Based on Science and Technology

作　　者：胡志宇[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学技术信息研究所,北京100038

出　　处：《全球科技经济瞭望》2013年第8期59-63,共5页Global Science，Technology and Economy Outlook

摘　　要：目前雾霾天气在我国北京等大城市愈发常见,而历史上伦敦也曾因空气质量不佳被称为"雾都"。英国历时几十年出台一系列政策,环境治理取得了较好效果,空气质量明显改善。英国在解决环境治理与经济发展之间的矛盾时,科学技术发挥了巨大作用,其环境治理模式既兼顾生态文明也体现出物质文明。分析英国治理环境的经验,科学技术主要是从4个方面发挥作用:技术创新培育新产业,形成新的经济增长点;政府促使行业开发和推广绿色技术,改造传统产业;基础研究为政府决策科学化提供坚实证据;绿色科技成果助力国家外交和引领未来国际贸易。历史上伦敦烟雾污染最严重时,英国的人均国民生产总值与我国现在大致相当,发展阶段也有相似之处,其经验具有较强的参考价值。Foggy days or haze are increasingly common in Beijing and other major cities in China, a similar situation in the history of the UK. London was called ＂the Fog City＂ by its poor air quality. After 1952 London Smog Disaster, the UK introduced a series of policies and achieved good results. Its air quality improved significantly. In-depth research showed that science and technology played a key role in resolving the conflict between environmental governance and economic development, and Ibund a feasible treatment model combining ecological civilization and substantial one. Based on analysis of the UK experience, author puts forward that science and technology can be active in four areas： Technological innovation creates new industries for the economy growth; promoting green technology to transform and upgrade traditional industries; basic researches provides the solid evidence for scientific decision-making by government; green science facilitates the national interests of diplomacy and world trade. Britain＇s per capita GDP in 1952 is roughly equivalent to China＇s current per capita GDP, so the UK experiences can be learned by the Chinese counterpart.

关 键 词：英国 雾霾 空气质量 产业转型 1952年伦敦烟雾事件 

分 类 号：X513[环境科学与工程—环境工程]