矿区周围农田土壤重金属铜锌铅污染及生物效应分析  

The Contamination and Biological Effect of Heavy Metals Cu, Zn and Pb in Farmland Soil from Mine Area

作　　者：高军侠[1] 党宏斌[1] 姜灵彦[1] 郑敏 刘蕾[1] 

机构地区：[1]郑州航空工业管理学院/环境工程实验室,郑州450015 [2]河南中原高速公路股份有限公司,郑州450016

出　　处：《中国农学通报》2013年第26期137-141,共5页Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin

基　　金：河南省科技攻关计划"植物修复城市污染水体研究"(112102310581);河南省科技攻关计划"城市化进程中城市水;土环境质量演变与评价"(132300410328)

摘　　要：为了解矿区周围土壤中主要重金属的污染状况和生物效应,通过野外调查和室内分析,对河南省某开采矿区周围农田土壤中重金属Cu、Zn、Pb进行了化学形态测定及其生物效应分析。结果表明,该矿区农田土壤重金属Zn的总量大于Cu和Pb。根据土壤环境质量三级标准(GB 15618—1995),矿区开采活动并未造成这3种元素的明显污染。基于Tessier提出的5种化学形态:可交换态(EXC)、碳酸盐结合态(CAB)、铁锰氧化物结合态(FMO)、有机物结合态(OM)和残渣态(RES),土壤中各元素均以残渣态为主。依据可交换态和碳酸盐结合态二者所占总量的比例,Cu、Zn、Pb的生物可利用系数平均值分别为0.09、0.05和0.16,显示各元素生物可利用性的顺序是Pb>Cu>Zn;由可交换态所占总量的比例,得到Cu、Zn的迁移系数平均值分别为0.026和0.020,而Pb则高达0.083,表明各元素的迁移能力是Pb>Cu>Zn。并据此判断Pb的生物效应最大。In order to understand the contaminations status of main heavy metals in farmland soil from mine area, the chemical forms and biological effect of heavy metal Cu, Zn and Pb in farmland soil from an exploiting coal mine region in Henan Province were analyzed through field investigation and laboratory analysis in the manuscript. The results showed that： the content of heavy metal Zn was larger than that of Cu and Pb in soil. The mine exploitation didn＇ t cause the obvious pollution of these metals according to Grade Ill criteria of the national soil environmental quality standard （GB 15618-1995）. To the exchangeable form （EXC）, carbonate bound form （CAB）, Fe-Mn oxide bound form （FMO）, organic matter bound form （OM）, and residue form （RES） of 5 chemical forms by Tessier for each element in soil, RES was of the highest proportions. The average value of bioavailability coefficients for Cu, Zn and Pb were respectively 0.09, 0.05 and 0.16 based the ratio of both EXC and CAB to the total amount, which indicated the order of bioavailability was Pb 〉 Cu 〉 Zn. The average value of transport coefficient for Cu and Zn was respectively 0.026 and 0.020 while that for Pb was 0.083 based the ratio of EXC to the total amount, which revealed the transport ability for heavy metals was Pb 〉 Cu 〉 Zn. It was to help determine the biological effect of Pb was the highest.

关 键 词：重金属污染 化学形态 生物效应 矿区 农田土壤 

分 类 号：X53[环境科学与工程—环境工程]