皖浙地区早稻高温热害发生规律及其对产量结构的影响研究  

Study on the Law of Rice High Temperature Induced Heat Damage and Its Relationship with Rice Yield Structure in Anhui and Zhejiang Province

作　　者：杨太明[1,2] 陈金华[1,2] 金志凤[3] 李德 

机构地区：[1]安徽省气象科学研究所,合肥230031 [2]安徽省大气科学与卫星遥感重点实验室,合肥230031 [3]浙江省气候中心,杭州310017 [4]安徽省宿州市气象台,安徽宿州234000

出　　处：《中国农学通报》2013年第27期97-104,共8页Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划项目"农业重大气象灾害监测预测及调控技术研究"(2006BAD04B04);国家公益行业(气象)科研专项"遥感技术在作物生长模式及农业气象预报中的应用研究"(GYHY201106027)

摘　　要：探讨高温与水稻产量的关系,在水稻高温热害防御中有重要意义。利用皖浙地区气象数据与早稻生育状况观测数据,分析了皖浙地区早稻高温热害规律及高温热害与早稻产量结构的关系。结果表明:皖浙2省早稻受高温热害危害的敏感期常年为6月中旬至7月中旬,且高温热害发生在时间分布上存在着周期震荡,其中20世纪80年代中期以前高温热害在发生日数和次数上呈减少趋势,其后则呈增多趋势;在空间分布上,安徽省沿江、江淮早稻主产区的高温热害重于沿淮地区;浙江省的金华—丽水一带为早稻高温热害重发区。在高温热害对早稻产量结构因素的影响中,高温热害与穗结实粒数、千粒重之间为负相关,与空壳率和秕谷率之间呈正相关,且扬花灌浆期高温热害对水稻空壳率和穗粒数影响较为显著。研究认为早稻抽穗扬花期遭遇高温热害,会对水稻结实率、千粒重、空壳率、秕谷率造成不等程度危害,其中穗粒数减少、空壳率增加是高温热害影响产量的主要原因。It is high significant to probe the relationships between Rice high temperature induced heat damage and rice production. Based on the analysis of the data of meteorology and early season rice development stage in Anhui Province and Zhejiang Province, law of high temperature induced heat damage on early season rice and its relationships with rice yield structures were analyzed. Firstly, impact phase of rice high temperature induced heat damage was found between the early June and mid-July, and interannual variation for the heat damage was periodic oscillation with several years frequent occurrence and next several years rare occurrence. However, the days of high temperature and the times of the heat damage for rice was also tended to reduce before mid-1980s, but tended to ascend after mid-1980s. Respect to spatial distributionl high probability andseverely afflicted region of rice high temperature induced heat damage were along to Yangtze in Anhui, and the

关 键 词：皖浙地区 早稻 高温热害 影响 

分 类 号：S16[农业科学—农业气象学] P49[农业科学—农业基础科学]