种植方式对杂交籼稻植株抗倒伏特性的影响  

Effects of Planting Methods on Culm Lodging Resistance of Indica Hybrid Rice (Oryza sativa L.)

作　　者：雷小龙[1] 刘利[1] 苟文[1] 马荣朝[1] 任万军[1] 

机构地区：[1]四川农业大学/农业部西南作物生理生态与耕作重点实验室,四川温江611130

出　　处：《作物学报》2013年第10期1814-1825,共12页Acta Agronomica Sinica

基　　金：国家粮食丰产科技工程项目(2011BAD16B05;2012BAD04B13-2);国家公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201303129)资助

摘　　要：为探讨机械化播栽方式对杂交籼稻植株抗倒伏能力的影响,以F优498为材料,在大田进行了以种植方式为主区、穴苗数为副区的裂区试验,种植方式包括机直播、机插和手插3种,穴苗数分低苗和高苗2个处理。在齐穗后30 d,调查植株茎鞘物理性状、力学和抗倒伏特性,并分析茎鞘性状与抗倒伏特性的相关性。结果表明：（1）不同种植方式之间水稻倒伏指数差异极显著,手插稻最低,机插稻最高,机直播稻介于二者之间。这种差异主要与节间折断弯矩有关,N1–N4节间折断弯矩与节间粗度和厚度、秆型指数、比茎重、节间干重、断面模数和弯曲应力都呈显著或极显著正相关,与节间长度呈显著或极显著负相关;基部节间的植株折断弯矩变异较小,且低位节间的弯曲力矩显著高于高位节间,这是水稻植株基部第1、第2节间易倒伏的主要原因。（2）手插稻基部节间短,茎粗壁厚,秆型指数、茎鞘充实度和弯曲应力高,最终表现为植株折断弯矩和抗倒伏能力强;机插稻群体大,个体生长受抑制,倒伏指数大。为构建合理的群体结构,以机械化播栽稻每穴3~4苗、手插稻每穴2苗,有利于相对实现高产与抗倒的协调。In order to investigate the effects of mechanized seeding and transplanting on lodging resistance of indica hybrid rice,a split plot field experiment was conducted by using Fyou 498 as material.The effects of planting methods with mechanized seeding,mechanized transplanting and artificial transplanting and different number of seedling per hill on the physical and mechanical characteristics and lodging resistance of indica hybrid rice were studied in the thirty days after full heading.Furthermore,the correlation between lodging resistance and main physical and mechanical characteristics was calculated.The main results were as follows：（1）The lodging index of rice plants was different significantly among three planting methods,with the lowest in artificial transplanting and the highest in mechanized transplanting,which was mainly attributed to the difference in breaking moment of basal internodes.The breaking moment of the first to the fourth internodes was positively and significantly correlated with culm type index,internode diameter and thickness,ratio of weight to length of culm,dry weight of internode,section modulus,bending stress,respectively,while negatively and significantly correlated with internode length.The bending moment was larger in lower internodes than in higher internodes,with relatively small changes in basal internodes.That is why the first and second internodes were lodging-susceptible.（2）In artificial transplanting basal internodes was short,internode diameter,thickness and culm type index were large,plumpness status of culm and sheath was good,and bending stress and breaking moment of internode were high,so the artificial transplanting had good lodging resistance.The population structure of mechanized transplanting was so large that individual plant growth was limited,and its lodging index was the largest in three planting methods.We suggest that in order to get a coordination of high-yielding and high lodging resistance a suitable population should be conducted with 3–4 seedlings

关 键 词：杂交籼稻 种植方式 机械化播栽 抗倒伏能力 茎鞘物理性状 力学特性 

分 类 号：S511.21[农业科学—作物学]