超声频率对炼厂污油破乳脱水的影响  

Effects of ultrasonic frequency on demulsification and dewatering of refinery waste oil

作　　者：顾善龙[1] 张贤中 谢伟[1] 吕效平[1] 韩萍芳[1] 

机构地区：[1]南京工业大学超声化学工程研究所,江苏南京210009 [2]南京超圣化科技有限责任公司,江苏南京210009

出　　处：《南京工业大学学报（自然科学版）》2013年第5期72-75,共4页Journal of Nanjing Tech University(Natural Science Edition)

摘　　要：针对中石化某炼油厂污油脱水难以达到规定要求(处理后含水量<10%)的现状,采用超声进行污油破乳脱水研究。实验选择20、40和80 kHz 3种频率的超声分别处理含水率60%(体积比)的污油,着重考察超声频率对污油水滴粒径、黏度、油水界面张力以及脱水效果的影响,结果表明:污油经20、40和80 kHz 3种频率的超声作用,脱后含水率分别降为5.6%、6.8%和8%。在超声激励电压相同的条件下,超声波频率越低,污油黏度、界面张力下降越大,污油中水滴平均粒径增大得越多,越有利于污油破乳脱水。另外通过显微镜观察,并对超声作用前后的水滴粒径变化进行分析,发现高频超声有利于小粒径水滴的凝聚,低频超声有利于大粒径水滴的凝聚。Because the dehydration of refinery waste oil from a refinery of Sinopec was hard to reach re- quirement （water content less than 10% ）, a ultrasonic technology was studied in laboratory to intensify demulsification and dewatering of the waste oil. The effects of the ultrasonic frequency on the water drop size, viscosity, oil-water interfacial tension and dehydration rate were discussed. The waste oil containing 60% （in volume） water was treated with three kinds of frequency ultrasound （20,40 and 80 kHz） and the water volume fractions in oil were reduced to 5.6% ,6.8% ,8% ,respectively. Under the same excita- tion voltage condition, the lower the ultrasonic frequency, the stronger the ultrasonic intensity, the greater the viscosity and oil-water interface tension reduced. The more the water drop size enlarged, the easier the demulsification and dewatering of waste oil was. In addition, the results of the microscope observation and analysis showed that the high frequency ultrasound was better for cohesion of smaller water droplets, and the low frequency ultrasound was better for cohesion of larger water droplets.

关 键 词：超声 频率 污油 破乳 脱水 

分 类 号：TE624[石油与天然气工程—油气加工工程] TB559[理学—物理]