苏南丘陵茶园秋季杂草种间生态关系及群落分类  

Interspecies relationships and clustering of weed communities in tea gardens in southern hilly regions of Jiangsu Province,East China in autumn

作　　者：张海艳[1] 孙国俊[1,2] 季敏[1] 李粉华[1] 韩敏[1] 许映莲 万玉成[1] 

机构地区：[1]金坛市植保植检站,江苏金坛213200 [2]扬州大学园艺与植物保护学院,江苏扬州225009 [3]金坛市茶业技术指导站,江苏金坛213200

出　　处：《生态学杂志》2013年第9期2289-2297,共9页Chinese Journal of Ecology

基　　金：国家公益性行业(农业)科研专项(200903004和200903004-43);江苏省农作物有害生物种类与发生危害特点研究项目资助

摘　　要：分别于2011年、2012年的10月对苏南丘陵茶园秋季杂草种类、数量和高度等进行调查,将其转换成相对多度和重要值数据,在此基础上计测了苏南丘陵茶园25种主要杂草的生态位宽度和生态位重叠值,用DCA排序法作出反映杂草生态学相似程度的DCA排序图,并对不同样地杂草类群进行聚类分析。结果表明:苏南丘陵茶园秋季杂草共发现100种,分属40科90属,其中,发生频率>15%的杂草有25种;25种主要杂草中,马唐(Digitaria sanguinalis)、铁苋菜(Acalypha australis)、一年蓬(Erigeron annuus)、小旱稗(Echinochloa crusgalli var.austro-japonensis)和牛筋草(Eleusine indica)等5种杂草实际生态位较宽,为茶园秋季最主要的杂草(恶性杂草);马唐、小旱稗、铁苋菜、牛筋草和一年蓬之间生态位重叠值较大,对资源的竞争较为激烈,因此,其构成的杂草群落对茶树产生较大的危害。通过样地杂草相似性聚类分析,可将样地聚成5个明显类群:石灰岩土质茶园;翻耕除草,管理良好茶园;未翻耕除草,管理次之茶园;疏于管理,近乎荒弃茶园;林下茶园。苏南丘陵茶园每个聚类群的秋季杂草优势种明显,群落结构不同,这些可为茶园秋季杂草综合控除提供理论依据。Abstract： In October, 2011 and 2012, an investigation was made on the weed species and their density and height in the tea gardens in southern hilly regions of Jiangsu Province. The obtained data were transformed into weed relative abundance and importance values. The niche breadth and niche overlap values of selected 25 main weeds were calculated, and two-dimensional scatter plot of DCA ordination was drawn based on the importance values. The results showed that there were 100 weed species, belonging to 90 genera and 40 families. Among them, 25 weed species occurred with a frequency of 〉 15%. Among these 25 species, Digitaria sanguinalis, Acalypha australis, Erigeron annuus, Echinochloa crusgalli var. austro-japonensis, and Eleusine indica had wider niche breadth, being the important weeds in the tea gardens in southern hilly regions of Jiangsu Province. The higher niche overlap values were found between D. sanguinalis, E. crus- galli var. austro-japonensis, A. australis, E. indica, and E. annuus, indicating that the re- source competition was more intense, and thus, these weed communities had greater harm to tea. All the sampling sites were quantitatively clustered into five groups based on the similarity coeffi- cient. These five groups included limestone soil tea garden, plowing and well-managed tea garden, no-plowing and general-managed tea garden, extensive-managed and almost abandoned tea garden, and understory tea garden. The dominant weed species in each group in autumn were ev- ident, which formed relatively different weed communities in the tea gardens. The results would provide theoretical basis for the integrated management of weeds in tea gardens

关 键 词：茶园 秋季杂草 生态位宽度 生态位重叠 DCA排序 样地聚类 

分 类 号：S451[农业科学—植物保护]